1 2588-3712 280 Special Comparing the effect of usual bowel preparation and sodium phosphates preparation ‎method on patient acceptance under colonoscopy ‎ ebrahimmousavi maryam ghanbari atefeh yuosefi mahmuod khaleghduost tahereh atrkarruoshan zahra 1 4 2009 19 1 1 7 23 08 2014 23 08 2014 Introduction: Colonoscopy is a method of endoscopy of lower gastrointestinal system which needs ‎proper colon preparation that allows proper assessment, diagnosis and treatment. There are different ‎methods of bowel preparation available. Therefore more research by critical nurses can result in ‎better care.‎ Objective: The aim of present study is to compare the routine method (Castor oil and Bisacodyl ‎tablet) and oral sodium phosphate on the level of patient’s acceptance in patient undergoing ‎colonoscopy.‎  Methods: This is a Quasi-experimental study, which was done on ‎‏90‏‎ out patient candidates for ‎colonoscopy referring to Razi-educational center. Samples were randomly chosen on the visit day ‎and divided to ‎‏2‏‎ groups of experiment and control. Data collection instrument included a ‎demographic questionnaire and a checklist to assess the level of patient’s acceptance and bowel ‎preparation. Primarily demographic data form was filled at that time, and then intervention was ‎done for two groups with ‎‏45‏‎ samples. The patient acceptance checklist was filled by interview ‎method on the day of performing colonoscopy procedure.‎ Results: Finding indicated that patient’s acceptance was better with oral sodium phosphate and chi-‎square and Fisher’s exact tests showed a significant difference on the level of patient’s acceptance ‎‎(p< ‎‏0.000‏‎). ‎ Conclusion: According to this result oral liquid sodium phosphate has caused better acceptance ‎compared with routine regimes (Castor oil and Bisacodyl tablet) in patients under colonoscopy.‎
281 Special Comparison of quality of life of schizophrenic patients and healthy people in Rasht Khodadady naeima shikholeslami farzaneh mahmuodi hayedeh Baghaie mojgan hafezi mahmuod 1 4 2009 19 1 8 15 23 08 2014 23 08 2014 Introduction: Schizophrenia is a common chronic psychiatric disease which can result in personal-‎social problems. Recently, quality of life (QOL) is considered as an important measure of the ‎impacts of schizophrenia and its treatment, and can be useful in proper planning.‎ Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare QOL in schizophrenic patients and healthy ‎people in Rasht city.‎ Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive survey that was done on ‎‏52‏‎ patients with ‎schizophrenia visiting outpatient clinic in Shafa hospital which were selected by convenience ‎sampling. Also ‎‏153‏‎ healthy people in Rasht were selected randomly by cluster method. Data ‎collection instrument was a ‎‏3‏‎- part questionnaire consisting ‎‏1‏‎) personal-social questionnaire, ‎‏2‏‎) ‎WHO ‎‏28‏‎-item QOL questionnaire, and ‎‏3‏‎) mental status assess form. Third tool was specially used ‎for patient group. Data gathered by face-to-face interview and analyzed by SPSS. ‎ Results: The finding indicated that mean score of QOL and all of its domains consisting general, ‎physical, psychiatric, social relationship, and environmental was lower in schizophrenic patients ‎‎(‎‏83.03‏‎- ‎‏6.42‏‎- ‎‏22.19‏‎- ‎‏25.15‏‎- ‎‏6.22‏‎, and ‎‏23.05‏‎ respectively) comparing to healthy people ‎‎(‎‏90.49‏‎, ‎‏7.26‏‎, ‎‏25.87‏‎, ‎‏27.62‏‎, ‎‏7.16‏‎, and ‎‏23.19‏‎). There was statistically significant ‎difference between schizophrenic patient's and healthy people's QOL (P=‎‏0/0001‏‎), and it's general ‎‎(P=‎‏0/006‏‎), physical (P=‎‏0/0001‏‎), psychiatric (P=‎‏0/001‏‎), and social relationship (P=‎‏0/015‏‎) ‎domains according to independent-t test results. ‎ Conclusion: According to this result, schizophrenic clients, even with better mental status, have ‎lower QOL level than healthy people that need special attention to improve their post-discharge ‎treatment and care. ‎ 282 Special Characteristics of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and its association with quality of ‎life shishehga farnaz peyman akram 1 4 2009 19 1 16 21 23 08 2014 23 08 2014 Introduction: It is estimated that over ‎‏70%‏‎ of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting ‎during the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with intense physical changes in the ‎ability to perform usual roles that may have an adverse effect on quality of life (QOL). ‎ Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy ‎and to determine the relationship between nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and quality of life in ‎various weeks of pregnancy.‎ Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research that was carried out in three governmental ‎hospitals. Demographic variables and health related quality of life for nausea and vomiting ‎questionnaire were used. Rohdes index was used to determine the severity of nausea and vomiting.‎ Results: According to the findings, an increase in gestational age was correlated with decreasing of ‎nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). The overall scores of NVP at ‎‏4-7‏‎ weeks was significantly ‎higher than at ‎‏16-19‏‎ and ‎‏20-22‏‎ weeks (P<‎‏0.0001‏‎). The physical scores of quality of life were ‎significantly correlated with the overall scores of NVP and nausea and vomiting at ‎‏4-7‏‎, ‎‏12-15‏‎ and ‎‏16-19‏‎ weeks. There was a significant relationship between the severity of vomiting and decreasing ‎quality of life at all weeks in all gestational weeks.‎ Conclusion: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy can especially decrease the quality of life during ‎pregnancy, specially in physical domain.‎ 283 Special Survey of phlebitis due to peripheral intravenous catheter fadakar kolsoum chehrzad minoomitra kamran zahra chanbari parivash dolatkhah masoumeh 1 4 2009 19 1 32 37 23 08 2014 23 08 2014 Introduction:‎‏ ‏Intravenous catheter despite its high value to deliver fluids and electrolytes has ‎side effects such as phlebitis that is a serious risk for patient. ‎ Objective:‎‏ ‏This study aims to determine prevalence of peripheral intravenous catheter – ‎induced phlebitis.‎ Methods: In This descriptive study, ‎‏100‏‎ hospitalized children in medical and infectious ‎wards of ‎‏17‏‎ Shahrivar hospital in order of entry to IV Room were selected and examined ‎during ‎‏72‏‎ hours. The data collection instrument consisted of a three part questionnaire ‎including demographic information (sex,‎‏ ‏age,‎‏ ‏type of illness), information on patients ‎status(serum type,‎‏ ‏intravenous catheter size, the amount of serum received in ‎‏24‏‎ hours, place ‎of catheter, medications or other elements received through the catheter and child, s activity ‎level), phlebitis degree check list(from zero, meaning the lack phlebitis, to four,‎‏ ‏by phlebitis ‎size more than ‎‏7/5‏‎ cm above the injection site) and the time of phlebitis occurrence was used. ‎Data analyzed in SPSS software by descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency ‎distribution and Chi- square test. ‎ Results:‎‏ ‏The results showed that ‎‏50‏‎ percent of children were boys. The majority of them ‎‎(‎‏41%‏‎) were under one year old. Seventy-five percent of children were suffering from ‎infectious diseases.‎‏ ‏Serum D/W ‎‏5%‏‎ was used in ‎‏81‏‎ percent of children,‎‏ ‏serum intake, of ‎‏42‏‎ ‎percent of children in ‎‏24‏‎ hours was ‎‏200‏‎ c c. Only ‎‏19‏‎ percent of children needed complete bed ‎rest ,the most common injection site (‎‏43%‏‎) was the back of hand , ‎‏89‏‎ percent of samples ‎suffered from phlebitis,‎‏ ‏that majority of them(‎‏43%‏‎) occurred in second day. There were a ‎significant relationship between phlebitis complication and duration of catheter in place‏ ‏‎(p<‎‏0001‏‎) and‏ ‏child activity (p<‎‏008‏‎) according to X‏2‏‎ test results. ‎  Conclusion: The result of research showed that only ‎‏11‏‎ percent of children did not have ‎phlebitis so the prevalence of this problem and its relationship with duration use of catheter ‎and child activity needs more attention regarding prevention of phlebitis thus broader studies ‎in this area is recommended. ‎ ‎ 286 Special Leptospirosis outcomes in pregnancy rezasoltani parvaneh rafat fatemeh 1 4 2009 19 1 37 42 23 08 2014 23 08 2014 Introduction: Leptospirosis is a serious disease of humans, caused by different strains of the ‎bacteria Leptospira. The disease in humans can include pregnant mothers with poor outcomes ‎such as intrauterine fetal death, abortion, and delivery of a newborn with signs of congenital ‎leptospirosis. Moreover, due to overlapping signs and symptoms, leptospirosis is often ‎difficult to distinguish from HELLP syndrome and Acute Fatty Liver of pregnancy. ‎Therefore, it's necessary to assess the effect of leptospirosis on pregnancy outcome in human.‎ Objective: The goal of this study was to review the articles relating to leptospirosis and ‎pregnancy outcomes.‎ Methods: Data were gathered via a number of electronic databases and books.‎ Results: Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In tropical regions, the ‎infection is endemic, while in industrialized countries, the disease is rare. Leptospirosis is ‎difficult to distinguish from many other diseases in humans. Human infection may be ‎subclinical or present with a wide spectrum of symptoms. Common symptoms in humans are ‎similar to influenza and include headache, joint and muscular ache and pain, gastrointestinal ‎discomfort, nausea, vomiting, sweating, high fever. Researches have reported few cases in ‎pregnant women and the effect on prenatal outcome. Intrauterine fetal death, abortion, ‎delivery of a newborn with signs of congenital leptospirosis, and developmental abnormality ‎has all been reported. It has been proven that the bacteria can pass to a baby via breast milk. It ‎has also been detected in placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood. Where the mother ‎has suffered a severe illness the cytotoxic impact of leptospires combined with hemorrhagia ‎and pyrexia can be a primary cause of fetal mortality, usually via placental ischaemia. ‎ Conclusion: While leptospirosis is rare in pregnancy, we should consider this infection in ‎pregnant women developing acute liver dysfunction or acute infection without fever, besides ‎HELLP syndrome and Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy. ‎ 287 Special Robotic surgery: change in new surgery techniques zandyeh mitra fakhar naemeh karami mina 1 4 2009 19 1 43 48 23 08 2014 23 08 2014 Medical science experts have reached scientific and technological improvements in recent ‎decades and have turned surgery into a routine treatment by controlling its complications. ‎Cumulative changes in surgery resulted in decreased pain and discomfort and controlled ‎complications. The developmental path and changes have resulted in endoscopic with minimal ‎invasive surgery (MIS) in which only few small incisions are made on the body and surgery is ‎done through video control which otherwise required more and larger incision with more ‎complication. But this method with all the usefulness has some problems such as discrepancy ‎between surgeon's eye and hand, indirect and two dimensional vision, limited degree of ‎freedom of instruments and surgeon's fatigue. In addition this type of surgery needs complete ‎education and skill. The sum of these factors limits the use of MIS. In order to overcome these ‎problems, robotic surgery method is invented. In this method like MIS, a few small incisions ‎are made and surgeon is able to perform the surgery from a distance by a three dimension ‎vision by controlling the arms of robots which are similar to the movements of human and are ‎placed around the table of surgery. Despite all the benefits of this method, its high cost limits ‎its use. Although it's hopeful that with the improvements of this method and its usefulness, ‎the costs will decrease. ‎ 284 Special Parenting styles in Rasht parents mirzaie mahshid chehrzad minoomitra yaghoobi yasaman 1 4 2009 19 1 46 50 23 08 2014 23 08 2014 Introduction: The parenting styles used in different periods of childhood can have an effect ‎on child personality evolution. Child and parents relationship in addition to comfort provision ‎and feeling reinforcement like trust, confidence, security and independence, can be a ‎predisposing factor for physical, psychological and especially social growth and maturity or ‎vice versa‏ ‏in‏ ‏adolescence.‎  Objective: This study was conducted to determine parenting styles in parents with ‎adolescence in Rasht.‎ Methods: The present study is a descriptive study in which ‎‏150‏‎ adolescents between ‎‏14-16‏‎ ‎years old were selected by cluster sampling from Rasht high schools. Data collection ‎instrument consisted of a two parts questionnaire including adolescent and family ‎demographic information and parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) for measuring mother and ‎father´s relationship quality that were completed by adolescents and analyzed by SPSS ‎‏15‏‎.‎ Results: The findings showed that mean and standard deviation of care and protection were ‎‏15‏‎.‎‏39±3‏‎.‎‏68‏‎ and ‎‏16‏‎.‎‏63±4‏‎.‎‏22‏‎ in fathers, and ‎‏13‏‎.‎‏45±4‏‎.‎‏22‏‎ and ‎‏14‏‎.‎‏40±4‏‎.‎‏81‏‎ in mothers ‎respectively and parents based on instrument grading had "Affectionless control".‎ Conclusion: The results showed that parents were cool with children. They inhibit children's ‎independence and progress by overprotection and low care. This can be due to lack of ‎knowledge related to parent´s relationship and good parenting styles in different periods of ‎growth and development and irrecoverable complication on adolescent future life that ‎highlights public education necessity before having children based on structural planning for ‎parenting.‎ Ke 285 Special Survey personal and disease characteristics of children with‏ ‏Cancer hospitalized ‎in ‎‏17‏‎ Shahrivar hospital,‎‏ ‏Rasht mirzaie mahshid yazdi fatemeh navidi zahra 1 4 2009 19 1 51 55 23 08 2014 23 08 2014 Introduction: Cancer is one of child diseases that has an incidence of ‎‏129‏‎ in ‎‏1‏‎ million ‎children and is still second reason for death of ‎‏1-14‏‎ years old children. The children who died ‎because of cancer lost an average of ‎‏69.5‏‎ years of life time. Therefore, identification of ‎personal and disease characteristics may be a way for facilitating cancer prevention in ‎children. ‎  Objective: This study was conducted to determine personal and disease characteristics of ‎children with cancer.‎ Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on ‎‏80‏‎ children with cancer hospitalized in ‎oncology ward of ‎‏17‏‎ Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht between Farvardin ‎‏1380‏‎ to Esfand ‎‏1384‏‎ ‎which was selected by convenience sampling. Data collection instrument consisted of two ‎parts questionnaire including demographic and disease characteristics. Data were collected by ‎observation and documentation of patient’s records and analyzed by SPSS software. ‎ Results: The finding showed that majority of children was ‎‏5-9‏‎ years old (‎‏47‏‎.‎‏25%‏‎), boy (‎‏60%‏‎), ‎was born with NVD (‎‏97‏‎.‎‏5%‏‎), and was city resident (‎‏65%‏‎). ‎‏72‏‎.‎‏5‏‎ percent of parents had ‎‏1-2‏‎ ‎children. The majority of samples had fathers with Diploma (‎‏57‏‎.‎‏5%‏‎) that half of them were ‎worker. Also majority of hospitalized children had ALL (‎‏53‏‎.‎‏75%‏‎) and Lymphoma (‎‏11‏‎.‎‏25%‏‎). ‎Only ‎‏7‏‎.‎‏5‏‎ percent of them mentioned a positive familial history of cancer. ‎‏48‏‎.‎‏25‏‎ percent of ‎children hospitalized between ‎‏1-9‏‎ times and the majority (‎‏32‏‎.‎‏5%‏‎) of them had intra spine ‎chemotherapy for ‎‏0-5‏‎ times. ‎‏45‏‎ percent of children died by the time sampling done. ‎ Conclusion: This research showed that Hematologic cancers had highest incidence that have ‎high mortality rate contrast by recent treatment and diagnostic methods improvement. ‎Capability for this physical severe disease and the nurses can use education, consulting and ‎supporting roles to access these goals.‎