Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery
2588-3712
30
3
2020
6
1
Health Literacy and Its Related Factors Among the Elderly
in Rasht City, Iran
129
136
EN
Afsaneh
Nezafati
Nursing (MSN), Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Nasrin
Mokhtari Lake
Instructor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Farzaneh
Sheikholeslami
Instructor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Ehsan
Kazemnezhad Leili
Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Biostatistics, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Introduction: Limited health literacy is a major concern among the elderly because they often need more health information and services to maintain their well-being.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the level of health literacy of elderly members of the National Retirement Fund of Rasht City, Iran.
Materials and Methods: The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 290 retirees of the National Retirement Fund of Rasht City using the convenience sampling method in 2017. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of two sections: personal profile and functional health literacy of adults (TOFHLA: Test of Functional Health Literacy of Adults). TOFHLA consists of two sections: reading comprehension and numeracy, which includes 67 questions (50 questions related to reading comprehension and 17 questions related to numeracy). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, Fisher exact-test, analysis of variance, and Independent t-test).
Results: The mean±SD age of the participants was 65.38±4.96 years. About 52.1% of the subjects were men and the rest were women. Also, 54.8% had adequate health literacy. The highest mean±SD score of health literacy was in the field of reading comprehension (36.30±7.90) and the field of numeracy (36.11±11.60). A statistically significant relationship was observed between the level of health literacy and the level of education (P=0.001) and between the level of education of the spouse (P=0.0001) and the history of cancer (P=0.008).
Conclusion: This study showed that about half of the elderly studied had poor health literacy. Providing appropriate training programs may be effective in improving the health of the elderly.
Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery
2588-3712
30
3
2020
6
1
Investigating the Relationship between Professional Status and Professional Commitment of Nurses
137
143
EN
Hossein
Sadeghnezhad
Instructor, Department of Nursing, Kashmar Center of Higher Health Education, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Akhtar
Nejatmohammad
Instructor, Department of Nursing, Kashmar Center of Higher Health Education, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Ali
Safari
Instructor, Department of Nursing, Kashmar Center of Higher Health Education, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Jamshid
Jamali
Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Maryam
Varzeshi
BSc Student of Nursing, Student Research Committee, Kashmar Center of Higher Health Education, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Introduction: One of the priorities of nursing education is to provide solutions to nurses’ questions so that they can remain in their career and render professional services. Committed nurses work harder to improve their careers. Professional status can boost nurses’ confidence.
Objective: To determine the relationship between professional status and professional commitment in nurses working in hospitals of Kashmar City, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 230 nurses working in Kashmar City hospitals. They were selected by the census method in 2019. The data collection tools were the nursing professional status questionnaire and the Clikeman and Henning professional commitment questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed with the Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests.
Results: The Mean±SD age of the nurses was 31.57±6.82 years (35.5% men and 64.5% women). Their Mean±SD score of professional status was 44.09±6.19, and their Mean±SD score of professional commitment was 48.04±9.42. The highest score of professional status belonged to the self-confidence component. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between the dimensions of self-confidence, treatment team staff, and community in professional status and professional commitment of nurses (P<0.05). Confidence was the most important predictor for professional involvement in terms of professional status dimensions (R2 =0.228).
Conclusion: Health policymakers are advised to take the necessary steps and develop professional status promotion programs and skills related to maintaining professional commitment in nurses.
Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery
2588-3712
30
3
2020
6
1
The Status of Observing the Charter of Patients’ Rights and Related Factors from the Point of View of Hospitalized Patients
144
150
EN
Seyedeh Narjes
Fazeli
Nursing (MSc), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Mitra
Sedghisabet
Instructor, Department of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Mohammad Taghi
Moghadamnia
Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Ehsan
Kazemnejad Leili
Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Biostatistics, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Introduction: Adherence to patients’ rights is one of the most important ethical issues in the
hospital that should be considered. An efficient health system requires active participation and
proper interaction between health care recipients and providers.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the status of observing the charter of patients’
rights and related factors from the perspective of hospitalized patients in educational-therapeutic
centers in Rasht City, Iran.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on
342 hospitalized patients during discharge in Rasht City in north of Iran educational-therapeutic
centers in 2018. The samples were selected by stratified random sampling. The study instrument
was a researcher-made questionnaire with two sections: The first section was related to individual,
social, and disease-related information, and the second section to determining the status of
the patient’s compliance. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive (Mean±SD) and
inferential statistics (The Chi-Square test, Friedman, and logistic regression).
Results: The status of observing the charter of patients’ rights from the patients’ point of view
was desirable at 65.8% in general, 85.1% in case of receiving health services, 3.69% in receiving
information, 57.6% in the patient’s right to choose and decide freely in receiving health services,
66.7% in providing health services based on the respect for the patient’s privacy and adhering
to the principle of confidentiality, and 19% in access to efficient systems to handle complaints.
Also, among the variables studied, the only reason for referral (the physician’s recommendation to
emergency referral) was related to the status of observance of the charter of patients’ rights and
was considered as a predictor (P=0.013), OR 1.9, CI95%; 1.150-3.233).
Conclusion: According on presenting the results to the health service managers, emphasizing the
need to observe the charter of patients’ rights by the health system staff, measures can be taken to
improve the status of patients’ rights and prevent any violation of their rights, who are considered
vulnerable in society.
Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery
2588-3712
30
3
2020
6
1
The Relationship between Social skills and Attitude
towards Substance Abuse among High School Students
151
158
EN
Mehri
Ghobadi
Nursing (MSN), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Ehsan
Kazemnezhad Leili
Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Biostatistics, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Masoumeh
Jafari Asl
Instructor, Department of Nursing (Pediatrics), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Seyedeh Zahra
Shafipour
Instructor, Department of Nursing (Pediatrics), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Introduction: Substance abuse is one of the health, medical, and social problems in today’s
world that affects more or less all societies. Adolescence is one of the riskiest periods of life in
terms of beginning high-risk behaviors such as drug use.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between social skills and attitudes
towards substance abuse in high school adolescents in Rasht City, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 750 male and female
high school students in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades of Rasht City in north of Iran were
selected and examined using the cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included
a demographic information questionnaire, a social skills questionnaire, and the addiction
potential scale. The collected data were analyzed using the Spearman, Mann-Whitney,
Kruskal-Wallis correlation tests, and logistic regression model.
Results: In the study, 51.1% of subjects aged 16-17 years, 57.7% were girls, 85.2% of them
lived with their parents, and 82.9% of the students stated that there is no addict in their
family. Based on the results, the Mean±SD score of social skills in students was 271.05±23.73.
In various subscales of social skills, 62% to 73.9% of students were able to obtain a mean
or upper grade. The students’ highest skill was related to the decision-making subscale with
the Mean±SD score of 28.90±3.76 and the lowest was related to coping with stress with
the Mean±SD of 25.47±4.40. Also, regarding the attitude towards drug abuse, the highest
Mean±SD score (more positive attitude towards drug abuse) was related to the subscales
of drug use effects (2.68±0.90); and the lowest Mean±SD (more negative attitude towards
drug abuse) was related to the subscale of drug use or the tendency to use drugs (2.14±1.02).
According to the results, there was a significant reverse relationship between the mean±SD
social skills and attitudes scores towards substance abuse (r=-0.442, P<0.001). The findings
also showed that gender is considered as a predictor variable of substance abuse attitudes, so
that boys were 1.36 times more positive than girls (OR: 1.36, 95% CI=0.980-1.900, P<0.066).
Conclusion: Based on the results, social skills training to increase self-efficacy and selfconfidence
in dealing with life’s challenges and problems may have long-term effects in
preventing the occurrence of high-risk behaviors such as substance abuse and creating the
right attitude in them.
Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery
2588-3712
30
3
2020
6
1
The Relationship Between Self-efficacy and Health-Promoting Lifestyle in Students
159
165
FA
Soheila
Abbasi
Instructor, Department of ?, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Koorosh
Kamali
Instructor, Department of ?, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Mansoureh
Sepehrinia
Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center(SDHRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Soudabeh
Mehdizade
Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center(SDHRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Introduction: Health-promoting lifestyle is an important determinant of health status and
has been identified as a major factor in maintaining and promoting health. Self-efficacy is a
psychosocial factor that promotes health.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and healthpromoting
lifestyles in students.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analysis. The research
population included all students studying at universities in Zanjan City, Iran. The sampling is
done by census method at the University of Medical Sciences, and cluster random method
at non-medical universities among senior students who entered the study if they wish
to participate. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaires,
generalized self-efficacy scale, and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile 2 (HPLPII). The
obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the
Pearson correlation coefficient test, and linear regression analysis.
Results: A total of 1103 students participated in this study, with a Mean±SD self-efficacy
of 41.82± 9.76, and a mean±SD health-promoting lifestyle of 2.53±0.40. The Pearson
correlation coefficient test was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and healthpromoting
lifestyle (r=0.081, P=0.007), and its three subgroups included nutritional habits
(r=0.082, P=0.006), spiritual growth (r=0.070, P=0.019), and interpersonal communication
(r=0.073, P=0.016), and the three subgroups of stress management, physical activity, and
health responsibility were not significantly associated with self-efficacy. Multivariate linear
regression analysis showed self-efficacy (β=0.003, CI95%: 0.001-0.006, P=0.006), age
(β=0.007, CI95%:0.001-0.014, P=0.033), and gender (β=0.050, CI95%= 0.001-0.100, p=0.046),
respectively, and was associated with a health-promoting lifestyle.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there was a very weak relationship between
self-efficacy, health-promoting lifestyle, and self-efficacy as a poor predictor of healthpromoting
lifestyle in students.
Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery
2588-3712
30
3
2020
6
1
Moral Distress and Related Factors in Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units
166
173
EN
Seyedeh Mohadeseh
Habibzadeh
Nursing (MSN), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Shademan
Reza Masouleh
Instructor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Minoo
Mitra Chehrzad
Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing (Pediatrics), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Ehsan
Kazemnejad Leili
Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Biostatistics, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Introduction: The intensive care unit is a stressful environment due to the high mortality rate
of patients, the occurrence of moral problems and working in a tense atmosphere. Faced
with these conditions, nurses may be exposed to moral distresses. Therefore, it is important
to study the moral distresses that nurses face in these units.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the level of moral distress and related factors in
nurses working in the intensive care units of Guilan Province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on nurses working
in all intensive care units in 20 hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences.
The study samples were 414 intensive care nurses chosen by census method in 2018. The
data collection instruments were the individual-social factors questionnaire and the 21-item
Corley’s moral distress scale standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and
inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis and Logistic Regression).
Results: The majority of the studied samples were women (90.6%), married (67.4%), full-time
employees (44.6%), undergraduate (90.3%) with Mean±SD work experience of 75.69±9.93
months in the intensive care units. The mean total score of moral distress was 91.30±65.03
(out of 0-332 scores). Based on the final logistics regression model, gender (OR=2.410, CI95%;
1.19-5.6, P=0.016) and work experience in the intensive care unit (OR=0.64, CI95%; 0.43-0.94,
P=0.023) were identified as two factors related to moral distress.
Conclusion: The results of this study support the existence of moral distress in nurses in
intensive care units, can be considered in planning to reduce the moral distress of nurses in
the workplace and improve the quality of nursing care.
Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery
2588-3712
30
3
2020
6
1
Emotional Intelligence and Men’s Sexual Performance
174
181
EN
Fatemeh
Mokhtari
Instructor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Bahareh
Kamranpour
Instructor,Department of Midwifery, College of Nursing and Midwifery, Reproductive Health, Scientific Member of Midwifery, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University,Rasht, Iran
Maryam
Shakiba
Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Introduction: Sexual performance affects the quality of life of the individuals and their
sexual partners. Impaired sexual performance would lead to certain problems. Emotional
intelligence is effective in the improvement of sexual satisfaction.
Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotional intelligence
on men’s sexual performance.
Materials and Methods: The present correlational analytical study was conducted in 2018
in the health centers of Rasht City, Iran on 100 men who were selected using a randomized
cluster sampling method. The study data were collected using the demographic
questionnaire, the Bar-On emotional quotient inventory, and the international index of
erectile function through self-report after confirmation of their validity and reliability.
The obtained data were analyzed by the indicators of central tendency (mean, standard
deviation) and the Pearson correlation coefficient. P value of less than 0.05 was set as the
level of significance for all the statistical tests.
Results: The Mean±SD age of the samples was 34.59±6.15 years and most of them had
academic degrees and married for more than two years. Their Mean±SD emotional
intelligence and sexual function scores were 307.37±21.14 and 23.4±16.7, respectively. There
was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and the components of
sexual function, including libido (r =0.72, P= 0.001), sexual arousal (r=0.57, P=0.001), orgasm
(r=0.58, P=0.001), satisfaction with intercourse (r=0.75, P=0.001), and total satisfaction
(r=0.74, P=0.001).
Conclusion: There is a significant and direct correlation between men’s emotional intelligence
and sexual function. So emotional intelligence is one of the crucial factors in the couple’s
satisfaction with their sexual function and making efforts for its improvement could resolve
the couple’s dissatisfaction to some extent.
Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery
2588-3712
30
3
2020
6
1
The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model on Oral and Dental Health Behavior
in Pregnant Women
182
190
EN
Sahar
Nickbin Poshtamsary
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Abdolhosein
Emami Sigaroudi
Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Rabiollah
Farmanbar
Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Golpar
Radafshar
Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Zahra
Atrkar Roushan
Associate Professor, Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Introduction: The World Health Organization recognizes oral health as an integral part of
public health and believes that untreated oral diseases may greatly affect the quality of life,
especially in pregnant mothers who should maintain their health and their babies’ health.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on a
health belief model on oral and dental health behavior in pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 110 pregnant mothers attending
15 health centers in Rasht City, Iran (a total of 33 centers) were randomly allocated to
case and control groups. After the analysis of pretest data (collected using a psychometric
questionnaire), an intervention was designed and executed based on the Health Belief
Model (HBM). Post-test was administered three months after the intervention and
the obtained data were analyzed by using the Chi-square and independent and linear
regression test.
Results: The majority of the mothers in the case (83.6%) and control (89.1%) groups were 18-
30 years old and most mothers in the case (45.5%) and control (58.2%) groups had high school
education. The Mean±SD score of awareness, different constructs of HBM, and performance
increased significantly in the case group after the intervention (P<0.05). The Mean±SD score
of performance was 35.45±12.52 in the case group before the intervention and it increased
to 77.26±9.33 three months after the intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that intervention based on this model enhanced oral and
dental health behaviors. The results also suggested that the mothers lacked adequate
awareness and had a poor performance in adopting oral and dental health behaviors. This
model can be used as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions
to decrease dental caries