@article{ author = {Akbari, Bahm}, title = {Effectiveness of Training Psychological Resilience on Aggression and Happiness among Students}, abstract ={Introduction: Today, psychological methods are being applied more often to reduce adverse effects of social life and to enhance positive and satisfying effects of communal life.One of these methods is psychological resilience training. Objective:The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on aggression and happiness among nursing and midwifery students of Islamic Azad University of Rasht during 2013-14 academic years. Materials and Methods:This controlled quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design used Oxford Happiness Questionnaire;Buss-Perry Aggression Scaleand Resilience Scale.The study population included 400 nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Rasht in the 2013-14 academic years. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate in the study and no history of mental illnesses. Exclusion criteria were unwillingness to participate in the study, diagnosed psychological disorders, and the use of psychotropic medications and sedatives.According to the research methodology, the statistical sample consisted of 30 students selected using Morgan table by convenience sampling among eligible students who had low happiness score and high aggression score after completing the questionnaires. Then they were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups (15 per group).The intervention group received twelve 75-minute sessions of resilience training by a consultant as a group and the control group received no training. After 12 sessions of resilience training, happiness and aggression among the students were measuredin both groups (post-test), and then the data were presented using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation).The covariance analysis was used to evaluate the effects of resilience components on happiness and aggression. Results:The statistical results showed that resilience training was effective on happiness and aggression reduction (P<0.001). According to the value of F and coefficient of Etta for the group variable and itssignificance in explaining the dependent variable of happiness, it could be said that resilience training was effective in increasing happiness.This difference was statistically significant at 1%. Conclusion: According to the findings, implementing resilience training programs can be effective in decreasing aggression and increasing happiness in students.Therefore, it is useful to add these programs to university curriculum.}, Keywords = { Psychological Resilience, Aggression, Happiness, Students}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.1}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-806-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-806-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {BostaniKhalesi, Zahra and Simbar, Masoumeh}, title = {Challenges of Premarital Education Program in Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Divorce, unwanted pregnancies and failed marriages inflict severe mental, emotional, physical and financial damages on individuals, families and the community. Meanwhile, premarital education programs are considered one of the effective factors to prevent such problems. Objective: The present study aimed to determine challenges of premarital education program in Iran. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Elsevier, Magiran, IranMedex, SID Irandoc, Medlib, and Google scholar databases in order to find papers in Farsi and English with the keywords of couples, training, consultation, premarital, Iran, health program, preparation for marriage, educational needs, and divorce. We reviewed different case-control, descriptive, and descriptive-analytical studies on premarital education. Of the 28 published papers on premarital education, 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Factors and challenges associated with premarital education can be divided into two main categories: policy making challenges and operational challenges. Conclusion: The results showed that marrying couples need the knowledge and skills that are not provided in the current premarital education. Complete execution of premarital education in Iran is possible only in the light of awareness, sufficient resources, considering the needs of the target group, and the presence of an accountable system}, Keywords = { Marriage, Education, Iran}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-18}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.9}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-833-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-833-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Pakseresht, Sedigheh and Rezaei, Komeil and Pasha, Afsaneh and KazemNejadLeili, Ehsan and Hasandoost, Fatemeh}, title = {Health Promoting Lifestyle among Students at Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Health promoting lifestyle is one of the determinants of health. University years are important phase of life when one can develop health promoting lifestyle. Given the high cost of healthcare there is need of shift from a treatment based approach to a preventive approach in which appropriate methods should be developed to promote health and productivity among youth. Objective: This study was aimed to measure health promoting lifestyle among the students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2013-14. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study which measured six domains of health promoting lifestyle by using the 52-item Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP II). Convenient sample of 343 students from the University was selected in 2013-14. The tool’s reliability was confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 95% and intra class correlation coefficients of 67%-87% for the subscales. Data was presented in (frequency, mean, and standard deviation and (ANOVA and t-test) were used for comparing two or more variables. Results: The total score of health promoting lifestyle (129.46 ± 17.69) was undesirable in university students. There was significant differences in terms of spiritual development (P = 0.004) and inter-personal relations (P<0.005).Gender had significant relations with eating habits (P= 0.014), physical activity (P<0.001), and health accountability (P<0.001). While girls scored higher in eating habits and health accountability, boys did better in physical activity. However, the scores of all these three dimensions were undesirable in both genders. Conclusion: Health Promoting lifestyle scores were undesirable in university students and significantly related to eating and physical activities. Therefore, there is an urgent need of developing program on healthy lifestyle for them}, Keywords = {Healthy Lifestyle, Health Promotion, Medical Students}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-26}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.19}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-834-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-834-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Poorshaban, Farzaneh and Pakseresht, Sedigheh and BostaniKhalesi, Zahra and KazemNejadLeili, Ehs}, title = {Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy of Mothers Within 6 Weeks of Delivery  }, abstract ={Introduction: Promoting and maintaining breastfeeding is an important part of the healthcare, nutrition and other social measures required to promote proper growth and development of infants, and a major component of primary healthcare. Several factors affect onset and duration of breastfeeding. Self-efficacy is one of those factors that can be modified, buthas been less studied. Objective:The present study aimed to determine some risk factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers within 6 weeks of delivery. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study recruited 767 mothers presenting to Family Health and Research Center in Rasht in 2013, using consecutive sampling (for 6 months).Data was collected using demographic questionnaires and Dennis Breastfeeding Self-EfficacyScale (BSEF).Data was collected in two phases: on the 3rd-5th days and the 6thweek after delivery.The minimum and maximum breastfeeding self-efficacy scores in BSEF are 14 and 70, respectively. If a subject's score is above average, she has high breastfeeding self-efficacy and vice versa.Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regressions) were used to analyze the data.The confidence interval of 95% and asignificance level of P<0.05 were considered. Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of breastfeeding self-efficacy score were 57.64±9.94 and 62.66±7.57, respectively on the 3rd-5th days and the 6th week after delivery. The group that exclusively breastfed their newborns had higher than average breastfeeding self-efficacy scores compared to other mothers. The multivariate regression model showed that the variables of educational level (secondary schoolP=0.002, B=2.25; and high school diploma, P=0.03, B=1.51), pain (P=0.01, B=1.6), breastfeeding discontinuation because of pain (P=0.02, B=2.67), having a successful breastfeeding experience (P=0.01, B=1.93), and exclusive breastfeeding (P=0.01, B=6.28) had statistically significant relationships with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Conclusion:According to the results, breastfeeding self-efficacy influenced the status and type of breastfeeding, hence, necessary interventions should be made to remove the barriers toand resolve the problems of mothers for exclusive breastfeeding.}, Keywords = { Breast Feeding, Self Efficacy, Mothers}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-34}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.27}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-835-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-835-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Pourvakhshoori, SeyedehNegar and Khankeh, Hamid Reza and Mohammadi, Farahnaz}, title = {Emergency and Disaster Preparedness in Nurses: A Concept Analysis}, abstract ={Introduction: Given the growing rate of accidents and disasters in the world, preparing nurses as the main group responding to these events is crucial; however, a review of literature suggests no comprehensive and theoretical or practical definitions for this concept in nursing, which has been often misunderstood and used as an alternative to other similar concepts. Objective: The present study was conducted to analyze the concept and provide a practical definition for emergency and disaster preparedness in nurses. Materialsand Methods: The eight-step Walker and Avant’s approach was used to clarify the concept of disaster preparedness in nurses. A total of 40 articles selected on the subject through an extensive review of literature up to 2013 were analyzed and the relevant definitions, applications, attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents were extracted. Results: According to the analysis conducted, the concept attributes include gaining the disaster knowledge and management capability, response planning strategies, response behavior exercises and the evaluation of the knowledge level and the response program content. Improved knowledge and skills, professional accountability, more comprehensive programs and more accurate response behaviors were found to be the outcomes of disaster preparedness in nurses. Conclusion: According to the present study, disaster preparedness in nurses refers to the knowledge, skills, abilities and comprehensive functions required for responding to natural or man-made events and disasters. Nurses’ preparedness in disasters refers to a process in which nurses involve to properly prepare and effectively respond to emergencies and disasters. Given the wide range of the concept, further studies are recommended}, Keywords = { Breast Feeding, Self Efficacy, Mothers}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-43}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.35}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-836-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-836-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Hajipour, Leila and MohtashamAmiri, Zahra and Montazeri, Ali and Torkan, Behnaz and HosseiniTabaghdehi, Monirosadat}, title = {The Effects of Prenatal Classes on the Quality of Life in Pregnant Women}, abstract ={Introduction: Quality of life is individuals’ perception of their status in life in the context of the culture and value systems they live in. Pregnancy has a great impact on mothers and their quality of life. Prenatal classes provide mothers with information about pregnancy, labor process and newborn care. Objective:The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prenatal classes on the quality of life of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study recruited 100 pregnant women in Amini Hospital of Langeroud, Iran. Mothers were divided into intervention group, who received education (n = 50), and control group who received only routine prenatal care (n = 50).Prenatal classes were held in 8 sessions. The quality of life of pregnant women was assessed before and after the intervention. Data was collected by a demographic questionnaire and a Quality of Life Short Form Survey (SF-36) which was completed by women before and after the intervention. After entering into the computer, the statistical data were analyzed using chi-square test and independent and paired t tests. Results:The results of comparing the means of quality of life domains in the intervention group showed that mental health (P=0.40), vitality (P=0.11), and emotional role functioning (P=0.87) had higher health scores in the intervention group compared to before the intervention, although the difference was not statistically significant and only physical functioning had a significant difference (P=0.001). However, the comparison of the mean and standard deviation of quality of life domains before and after classes in the control group indicated lower scores for all domains after theintervention. Differences were significant in terms of physical functioning (P=0.007), physical role functioning (P=0.011), emotional role functioning(P=0.039), and pain (P=0.002). Conclusion: The study showed that women who received prenatal education had better scores and mental health. Therefore, prenatal educations are necessary to improve health and quality of life of mothers. }, Keywords = { Breast Feeding, Self Efficacy, Mothers}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-51}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.45}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-837-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-837-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Bijankhan, Mahmood and Badeli, Hamid Reza and HassanzadehRad, Afagh and Hassanzadehrad, Zahra and Nouri, Elaheh and Dalili, Setil}, title = {The Relationship between Premature Birth and the Size of Expressive Lexicon in18-36-month-old Children}, abstract ={Introduction: The acquisition of speech and language constitutes a dynamic part of two-year-old children’s growth. Expressive lexicon is a key indicator of language ability in these children. Premature birth, birth before gestational week 37, is one of the most common risk factors associated with learning skill development. A review of literature suggests inconsistent results on the relationship between preterm birth and the size of expressive lexicon in children. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between preterm birth and the size of expressive Lexicon in 18-36-month-old Persian-speaking children. Materials and Methods: The present controlled analytical cross-sectional study recruited 18-36-month-old children presenting to 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht, Iran. The study children were divided into the term and preterm groups. Before beginning the sampling, the children were assigned to three age groups of 13 each, including 18-24 months, 24-30 months and 30-36 months. The data collection tools comprised the 688-itemMacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI, form II), which was completed by the parents. Moreover, all the words were divided into four groups of social terms, common nouns, grammatical words and predicates, and the scores obtained for each category were compared among the groups. The data obtained were assessed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, and analytical t-test. P<0.05 was set as the level of statistical significance. Results: The overall mean size of expressive lexicon was found to be 352.48 ± 177.11in the term children and 240.28 ± 135.93 in preterm ones, suggesting significant differences between the two groups (P=0.002). Significant differences were also observed between the term and preterm 18-36-month-old children in terms of common nouns as a dimension of the tool (P=0.01). Conclusion: Parents seem to play a key role in reducing preterm-birth associated lexicon differences at higher age by teaching their children. re, these domains should be addressed and ways should be introduced for their provision in family-centered care.}, Keywords = {Premature Birth, Child Language, Child}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-59}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.53}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-838-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-838-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Zavalgard, Elyas and KhazemNejadLeili, Ehsan and JafariAsl, Masoumeh and Shafipour, Seyedeh Zahr}, title = {Viewpoint of Mothers of Premature Newborns about Nursing Supports in Neonatal Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Introduction: Prematurity is the leading cause of mortality in newborns without congenital anomalies worldwide. A premature newborn has a devastating effect on parents'roles, especially the mothers’, and creates sentimental and vague feelings for mothers. Although advances in technology and high levels of nursing care provide mothers with adequate support and relative independence in child care, it is practically difficult to terminate nursing care and leave it to the mothers. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the viewpoints of mothers of premature newborns about the importance and amount of the support received from nurses. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted with a gradual approach over three months on 160 mothers of premature newborns with a history of hospitalization for at least 24 hours in NICUs of Rasht educational-medical centers in 2014.Data collection tool was a mother/child demographic questionnaire and the 21-item Nurse-Parent Support Tool. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Spearman’s correlation coefficient). Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest amounts of support received by mothers were in the care giving support (69.87±3.0) and parental esteem (96.85±2.0), respectively. Also, according to the mothers, care giving support (39.7±4.0) was the most and emotional support (75.0±3.99) was the least important domain. The results revealed a significant relationship and inverse correlation between the mean score of giving and receiving parental esteem (r = -0.184, p = 0.02) and the mean total score of giving and receiving support from the viewpoint of mothers and nurses (r = -0.183, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Mothers would like to have the highest amount of support in providing the best care for their newborns. Mothers’ most dissatisfaction was with the supportive communication and parental esteem domains which were important for mothers but received little attention from nurses. Therefore, these domains should be addressed and ways should be introduced for their provision in family-centered care.}, Keywords = {Mothers, Premature Infant, Nursing Care, Neonatal Intensive Care Units}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {61-67}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.61}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-839-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-839-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {SoleimaniKamran, Jannat and Jafroudi, Shirin and KazemNejadLeili, Ehsan and SedighiChafjiri, Asieh and Paryad, Ezzat}, title = {Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy}, abstract ={Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness and a fundamental cause of disability in diabetic patients in the world. Investigation about the quality of life in these patients can help plan for taking nursing measures to prevent or control the disease and improve patients’ quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to determine the quality of life in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study (2014), 316 patients with diabetic retinopathy who attended the laser unit in Amir-al-Momenin Medical Educational Hospital, Rasht, for treatment and had a follow-up record were selected by convenience sampling. The data were obtained by the Retinopathy-Dependent Quality of Life (RetDQoL) questionnaire, a socio demographic questionnaire and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The final score for quality of life ranges-9 to 3. The closer to -9 is the final score; the better is the quality of life. Independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the mean score of quality of life in subjects was -1.73, indication glow quality of life. In addition, statistical tests indicated a significant relationship between quality of life in patients with diabetic retinopathy and income, employment and education (p<0.0001), marital status and smoking (p<0.001), place of residence and being a member of Diabetes Association (p<0.044), duration of diabetes (p<0.015), history of ocular surgery (p<0.011), type of retinopathy (unilateral and bilateral), neuropathy (p<0.0001), diabetic foot ulcers (p<0.002), history of other ocular diseases (p<0.031) and Charlson co-morbidity (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings, based on which patients had low quality of life, it is recommended that authorities adopt consulting, training and financial programs to control the predictors of quality of life and improve patients’ quality of life}, Keywords = {Quality of Life,Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetes Mellitus}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {69-77}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.69}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-840-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-840-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Saeidi, Solmaz and Reza-Masouleh, Shadman and Chehrzad, Minoo Mitra and KazemNejadLeili, Ehs}, title = {Empathy with Patients Compared between First and Final Year Nursing Students}, abstract ={Introduction: Patient-nurse relationship has been recognized as the key factor in nursing practice. Considering the importance of professional relationship in nursing discipline, and especially empathy and its professional role, the need to address this phenomenon in nursing education in Iran is profoundly felt. Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim to compare level of empathy with patients and related factors between first- and final-year nursing students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 180 nursing students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (ShahidBeheshti School of Nursing and Midwifery in Rash and Langrood) selected by census from the academic year 2014-15. Data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire consisting of socio demographic data details and Jefferson Scale of Empathy containing 20 items, scored according to Likert scale from strongly agree (7 points) to strongly disagree (1 point), in which students chose items based on the level their agreement. Students' mean empathy score was calculated from maximum seven points (higher empathy) and minimum one point (lower empathy). In total, the maximum score for the 20 items was 140 points and minimum 20 points. Data thus collected were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests (independent t, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and logistic regression). Results: Students' mean age was 22.21±2.94 years, and the majority were female (63.3%). No significant difference was observed between empathy among first-year students (5.03±0.041) and final-year students (4.94±0.7) (P<0.28). Students' empathy was found significantly related to interest in nursing discipline (P<0.001), student work (P<0.012), and mother's education below diploma (P<0.032). Among study variables, interest in nursing discipline (P<0.001), father's education (P<0.009), and history of hospitalization (P<0.046) were factors predicting level of empathy, such that, students who were interested in nursing discipline compared to those that were not had higher levels of empathy (β=0.392). Also, students with history of hospitalization had a higher level of empathy (β=0.2). Regression test results showed that level of empathy diminished with a higher level of father's education (β=-0.142). Conclusion: The results obtained showed no significant difference between first- and final-year students in terms of empathy score. Since reinforcing predicting factors leads to greater student empathy with patients, empathy skills education in the course of study and generating interest among students appears to increase their sense of empathy}, Keywords = { Empathy, Patients, Nursing Students}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-85}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.79}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-841-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-841-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shahbazi, Sara and KafiMasuleh, Seyed Mousa and Fallahi, Mahnaz and Shafti, Vi}, title = {Self-efficacy, Marital Adjustment, and Quality of Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome}, abstract ={Introduction:With a prevalence of 4-25%, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of the reproductive age. This syndrome causes different metabolic, reproductive, and psychological issues. Therefore, performing research and raising awareness in this regard seem essential. Objective: This study measured self-efficacy, quality of life, and marital adjustment in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study used convenience samplingto recruit 129 women with PCOS and 125 healthy women during 2013-14. The Rotterdam Diagnostic Criteria was used to confirm the diagnosis of PCOS. The participants completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-10), the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF), and the Dyadic Marital Adjustment Scale (DAS-32). The data were analyzed using t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The mean scores of marital adjustment were 139.05 ± 16.984 in healthy women and 132.78 ± 20.633 in those with PCOS. The corresponding scores of quality of life were 98.62 ± 11.370 and 93.48 ± 13.372. The mean self-efficacy scores in healthy women and women with PCOS were 28.72 ± 5.65 and 27.92 ± 4.750, respectively. Healthy women had significantly higher marital adjustment and quality of life compared to women with PCOS (t = 2.641; P = 0.009 and t = 3.234; P = 0.001, respectively). However, the two groups had no significant difference in terms of self-efficacy (t = 3.234; P = 0.001). Conclusion: Compared to healthy women,women with PCOS have lower performance in some psychological aspects. Therefore, it is essential to raise women’s awareness about the symptoms and psychological effects of PCOS. A referral system should also be designed to provide the patients with counseling services. level of empathy diminished with a higher level of father's education (β=-0.142). Conclusion: The results obtained showed no significant difference between first- and final-year students in terms of empathy score. Since reinforcing predicting factors leads to greater student empathy with patients, empathy skills education in the course of study and generating interest among students appears to increase their sense of empathy}, Keywords = { Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Self Efficacy, Marriage, Quality of Life}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {87-93}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.87}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-842-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-842-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Mohammad Kazem and YeganehRastehKenari, Mohammad Reza and KhaleghdoostMohammadi, Tahereh and AtrkareRoshan, Zahra and MohammadEbrahimzadeh, Ay}, title = {Effects of Organized Auditory Stimulation by Familiar Voice on Blood Pressure and Body Temperature in Comatose Patients}, abstract ={Introduction: Brain injury induced coma is the main cause of hospitalization of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and their consequent stressful physiological complications, which can be prevented using sensory stimulation as a therapeutic method. Nevertheless, identifying and using the optimal sensory stimulation program is crucial. Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the effects of organized auditory stimulation by familiar voice on blood pressure and body temperature in patients admitted to ICUs. Materials and Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted on 60 comatose patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to the ICU of Poursina Teaching Hospital, Rasht, Iran. The patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (N=30) and the control group. In the intervention group, auditory stimulation was conducted using significant others’ voices in three consecutive evening shifts, 10 minutes each time. Blood pressure and body temperature were evaluated using a checklist, and the findings obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, the t-test and the Chi-square test. Results: The results obtained revealed significant differences in the mean blood pressure and body temperature before and after auditory stimulation in the intervention group (P<0.001), while these differences were insignificant in the controls. The two groups were also found to be insignificantly different in terms of the three-day variations in the mean blood pressure and the mean body temperature. Conclusion: Given the significant effects of auditory stimulation on hemodynamic indicators, auditory stimulation by familiar voice is recommended in comatose patients admitted to ICUs through face-to-face visits with their family members or by playing their recorded voice. uld also be designed to provide the patients with counseling services. level of empathy diminished with a higher level of father's education (β=-0.142). Conclusion: The results obtained showed no significant difference between first- and final-year students in terms of empathy score. Since reinforcing predicting factors leads to greater student empathy with patients, empathy skills education in the course of study and generating interest among students appears to increase their sense of empathy}, Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Physiological Stress, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Coma}, volume = {27}, Number = {1}, pages = {95-102}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.95}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-843-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-843-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Barzegar, Neda and Niknami, Maryam and Mirhadian, Leila and KazemNejadLeili, Ehsan and Pakseresht, Sedigheh and M.MeghachandraSingh, M}, title = {Lifestyle and Factors Associated with the Elderly People Referred to the Pension Fund}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The world's elderly population is increasing; along with this growth, their health problems gain importance. Meanwhile, healthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for reducing the incidence of health problems and their consequences. It can enhance recovery, deal with life stressors and improve the quality of life. Objective: The present study aimed to assess the lifestyle of elderly people and factors related to it in individuals who were referred to the pension fund in Rasht city. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 384 members of the pension fund in Rasht city participated. The data collection tools included the demographic questionnaire, the lifestyle questionnaire, including 5 domains of lifestyle and the medical outcomes study-social support survey (MOS–SSS). Data was collected through interviews and then analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and regression model. Results: As many as 65.6% of the sample was men and 34.4% women in the age group of 60–65 years. The mean score of lifestyle was 123.82. The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between the lifestyle of elderly people and the absence of chronic illnesses (p=0.022), education level (p=0.006) and housing status (p=0.022). Regression analysis showed that housing, income and social support conditions are factors associated with lifestyle (R² = 0.15, p=0.0001). Conclusion: It was found that the level of education and social support is among the effective factors influencing lifestyle of elderly people. As the lifestyle of most individuals was at a moderate level, it is necessary to conduct training programs of healthy lifestyle for the elderly seriously.}, Keywords = {Life Style, Aged, Social Support}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.1}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-878-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-878-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Basharpoor, Sajjad and Heydarirad, Hadis and Daryadel, Seyed Javad and Heydari, Fazeleh and GhamariGivi, Hossein and Kishore, Jugal}, title = {The Role of Perceived Stress and Social Support among Predicting Anxiety in Pregnant Women}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Pregnancy anxiety is a common disorder occurred due to various factors. It has significant impact on the outcome of pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed at determining the role of perceived stress and social support to tame anxiety among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study with correlational design. The study’s population included all pregnant women who were referred to Ardabil health centers in the second half of 2013 to receive prenatal care. A total of 110 subjects were selected using random sampling method and responded to demographic, perceived stress and social support questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that anxiety during pregnancy had a negative correlation with negative perception of stress (r=0.56; P<0.001) and positive correlation with positive perception of stress (r=-0.36; P<0.001). It also has support of friends (r=0.42; P<0.001) and family (r=-0.52; P<0.001) and total score of social protection (r=0.52; P<0.001). Results of regression analysis also revealed that 37% of the total variance of pregnancy anxiety is justified by perceived stress and social support. Conclusion: The results showed that the perception of stress and social support received by pregnant women play a role in anxiety during pregnancy}, Keywords = {Psychological Stress, Anxiety, Social Support, Pregnant Women}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {9-16}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.9}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-879-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-879-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jamshidbeiki, Soghra and Khakbazan, Zohreh and Geranmayeh, Mehrnaz and Tahmasebi, Siyamak and Mehran, Abbas}, title = {The Impact of Training Given to Nulliparous Pregnant Women for Attaining Identity and being Satisfied with the Maternal Role}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Maternal role is competence, skill and satisfaction of a woman who, as a mother, has maternal understanding and feeling for the infant. Objective: This study aimed at determining the impact of training on nulliparous Pregnant women in attaining identity and satisfaction with the maternal role. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental intervention study. This study was conducted on 100 pregnant women referred to health centres affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2013. The sample consisted of 45 subjects in the intervention group and 47 subjects in the control group. Inclusion criteria were gestational age of 36 weeks or more, age of 18 and above, living with a partner, no physical or mental illness, no record of alcoholism and drug abuse, having at least passed third grade in secondary school, Iranian citizenship and no history of participation in courses on baby care. Training classes were held 3 times for pregnant women in the intervention group. The first and third sessions included training, slide shows with lectures and questions and answers; but the second session included practical training on baby showers and film screenings. At the end of these sessions, a booklet containing baby care training material was provided to the mothers. The booklet contained training material including umbilical cord care, how to breastfeed and related problems like fissures and mastitis, among others. It also included how to use iron and multivitamins, vaccination of infants, care for infants, their shower, their clothes, mother and infant nutrition, prevention and healthcare of infant in case of urinary tract burns and care and necessary actions in case of fever, diarrhea or bloating, etc.. In this research, data gathering tools included questionnaire (personal information and maternal identity questionnaire in the third trimester of pregnancy, maternal identity questionnaire in postpartum and maternal satisfaction questionnaire). Descriptive statistical and analytical tests including Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Friedman test as well as T-paired and independent T-tests were used to analyse the data. Results: Comparison of individual properties and maternal identity level before the intervention in two groups showed no significant difference (P> 0.05). Statistical test showed no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of maternal identity, in pre-training levels, 6 and 12 weeks after delivery; but mean maternal satisfaction in weeks 6 (P<0.001) and 12 (P<0.001) after delivery had a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: According to this study, it seems that improvement in maternal identity has not been possible by short-term training and needs broader intervention. According to the impact of training on maternal satisfaction, it recommended to offer infant care training programmes for promoting a sense of empowerment in mothers for better child care}, Keywords = {Pregnant Women, Personal Satisfaction, Education}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {17-25}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.17}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-880-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-880-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khoshouei, Mahdieh Sadat}, title = {Prediction of Procrastination Considering Job Characteristics and Locus of Control in Nurses}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Procrastination is a behavioral habit, described as putting off the tasks. The behavioral habit in nursing profession because of its nature is natural and tangible. On the other hand, procrastination in nursing profession had irreversible negative results and thus doing duties without procrastination is vital. Thus, with regard to the negative results of procrastination in nursing profession, identification of related situational and individual factors is great importance. Objective: This research was carried out with the aim of prediction of procrastination using job characteristics (skill variety, task significance, task Identity, feedback and autonomy) as situational factor and locus of control (internal and external) as individual factor in nurses. Materials and Methods: This research is cross-sectional study with descriptive-correlation method. Statistical population consisted of nurses of Isfahan city in 2011 from which 193 nurses were selected by simple random sampling method. The measurements of study were standard questionnaire include general procrastination scale, job cognition questionnaire, and work locus of control scale. Data analyses were conducted based on descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis. Results: Mean of procrastination (45.59), job characteristics (from 4.64 to 5.46) and locus of control (31.11) scores showed that nurses had medium level of procrastination, high level of job characteristics and external locus of control. Also, results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that there were significant negative relationship between procrastination and feedback as a job characteristics (p< 0.05, r= -0.15) and significant positive relationship between procrastination and external locus of control (p<0.01 r=0.24). Results of simultaneous regression analysis showed that external locus of control with Beta coefficient of 0.22 can predict procrastination (p< 0.01). Conclusion: Considering the negative results in nursing profession, medium level of procrastination and high level of job characteristics, negative relationship between procrastination and feedback, positive relationship between procrastination and external locus of control and predictive power external of locus of control in the procrastination level of nurses, it is imperative to present of feedback and establish external locus of control training courses in order to reduce nurses' procrastination.}, Keywords = { Internal-External Control, Job Description, Nurses}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {27-35}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.27}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-881-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-881-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Seyed Valiollah and Ramezani, Maryam and Salehi, Iraj and HosseinKhanzadeh, Abas Ali and Sheikholeslami, Farzaneh}, title = {The Relationship between Burnout Dimensions and Psychological Symptoms (Depression, Anxiety and Stress) Among Nurses}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Working in healthcare jobs and the health sector, where one has to face human communication and health-related issues every day, can cause a lot of stress. Nurses are important members of the healthcare system of a country; they play a crucial role in improving the quality of healthcare. Burnout as the main characteristic of job stress refers to a delayed reaction to chronic stressors at work. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between burnout dimensions and psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress) among nurses. Material and Methods: This present study was a descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study, which was conducted on 270 nurses working in educational hospitals in Rasht (Iran), using stratified random sampling. The research instruments included demographic questionnaire, Maslach burnout inventory and depression, anxiety and stress questionnaire {Depresion Anxiety, Stress, Scale (DASS21)}. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and regression). Results: The findings showed that there is a significantly positive correlation between burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment) and psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress) in nurses (P<0.001). Burnout also significantly predicted 42%, 25% and 32% of variance in nurses’ depression, anxiety and stress respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the fact that mental health can positively affect the nursing profession and given the positive relationship between burnout dimensions and psychological symptoms, it is recommended that we must the reduce burnout rate by holding emotion regulation-training classes and promote it.}, Keywords = { Professional Burnout, Depression, Anxiety, Psychological Stress, Hospital Nursing Staff}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-43}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.37}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-882-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-882-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {NikkhahFarkhani, Zahra and Rahimnia, Fariborz and Kazemi, Mostafa and Shirazi, Ali}, title = {The Components of the Ethical Behaviour of Virtuous Nurses in Medical Teams}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Ethical behaviour is a fundamental feature of professional nursing. Objective: The present study aimed to determine challenges of premarital education program in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative research, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The study population of this study included all representative nurses working in public hospitals in Mashhad. As many as 14 people were interviewed with respect to the adequacy of sampling. Results: The results of the analysis of interviews in terms of five main components-deontology, emotional support, attention and respect, benevolent training, and benevolent monitoring-evaluate that each of these contain several subcomponents. Conclusion: The concept of ethics is deeply ingrained in the nursing profession. To promote ethics in this sensitive profession, it is not enough only to develop a code of ethics. The results of this study show that the ethical and virtuous behaviour of nurses towards medical teams not only improve the hospital atmosphere, but can also urge people to demonstrate positive behaviours, such as Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB), and increase individual, group, and organizational performance. In addition, moral behaviour related to benevolent training can pave the way for establishing a knowledge-based management system that can facilitate knowledge management in the organizati}, Keywords = {Nursing Ethics, Ethical Theory, Hospital Nursing Staff}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {45-55}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.45}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-883-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-883-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {NooriKohbnany, Zahra and AzizzadeForouzi, Mansoore and Ghazanfari, Zahra and Jahani, Younes}, title = {The Role of Depression in Predicting the Presence of Fatigue in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is one the most common diseases of the central nervous system. Fatigue and depression are common symptoms of the disorder. The identification of the factors associated with fatigue can help to solve this problem and subsequently, reduce the problems of these patients. Objective: This study aimed to determine the predictor role of depression in patients with multiple sclerosis fatigue. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. The study was carried out in the special diseases centre of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. In this study, 170 patients with multiple sclerosis were enrolled, by using available sampling in 2014. In order to collect the data, three demographic questionnaires, the Fatigue Severity questionnaire (FSS = Fatigue Severity Scale) and Zung Depression were used. The validity and reliability of the instruments had been confirmed in Iran. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square regression multivariate logistic). Results: In the study, 75.3% of participants were women and 24.7% were men. Of them, 70% were married and 21.8% were single. Additionally, the results of this study showed that 65.3% of the participants complained of fatigue and 51.8% had depression. The results of the regression showed that the risk of fatigue in people who suffer from depression is 2.75 times than those who do not have depression (p < 0.002, CI 95%: 1.43-5.30). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that depression can predict the onset of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. It is necessary to reduce and control the symptoms of depression, which is a symptom of multiple sclerosis. Accordingly, fatigue as a common symptom in patients can be reduced, resulting in a higher quality of life in this chronic disease.}, Keywords = {Depression, Fatigue, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {57-63}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.57}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-887-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-887-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {RezaieLooyeh, Hayede and SeyedFazelpour, Seyede Fateme and RezaMasoule, Shadman and Chehrzad, Minoo Mitra and KazemNejadLeili, Ehs}, title = {The Relationship between the Study Habits and the Academic Performance of Medical Sciences Students}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Students’ study methods affect their learning and academic achievement, and the resultant process plays a role in the development cognitive and practical skills, and ultimately their future career. Determining the students' study habits and the relationship between their study habits and their academic performance can, therefore, improve their academic achievement, strengthen and modify their study habits. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the study habits and the academic performance of the students of the Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This analytical-descriptive study conducted between 2013 and2014, samples comprising 461 students from different courses at the Guilan University of Medical Sciences were selected based on a stratified random sampling method. The data collection tools included Palsane and Sharma Study Habit Inventory (PSSHI) with 8 areas (division of time, physical status, ability to read, noting, learning motivation, memory, exams, and wellness) and 45 items. The data from this research were analysed using mean descriptive and inferential statistical tests, standard deviation, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regressions with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The mean of the overall status of the students’ study habits was 48.35 ± 10.37 from 90. The academic performance of the majority (67.2%) of the students was estimated to belong to the intermediate level. Data suggests that the academic performance of the students had the highest correlation with the field of noting (p < 0.0001 and r = 0.234), while the lowest correlation was with the wellness area (p = 0.03 and r = 0.101). In general, the correlation between study habits and academic performance was significant (p < 0.0001 and r = 0.229). In addition, the study habits score can predict 6.8% of the changes in academic performance (R2 = 0.068). Conclusion: The results showed that the study habits of the students are at a relatively good or average level. In addition, owing to the existence of a significant relationship between study habits and academic performance, education administrators and planners can enhance students' study habits with the inclusion of appropriate educational content, especially their skills of noting and reading their notes, and thus improve their academic performance. There is a significant relationship between the study habits of students and their academic performance.}, Keywords = {Learning, Students, Universities}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {65-73}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.65}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-888-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-888-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {SharifiRizi, Moloud and Ghanbarikhanghah, Atefeh and Adib, Masoumeh and KazemNejadLeili, Ehs}, title = {The Assessment of Fatigue and its Related Factors in Patients with Cancer}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Cancer is a major health issue in Iran and in the rest of the world. Fatigue is one of the most complex and the most prevalent cancer-related problems that can affect various aspects of life for cancer patients. It can cause numerous problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the level of fatigue and its associated factors in patients with cancer. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 90 cancer patients referred to the oncology department in one of the teaching hospitals were assessed. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on demographic information and the fatigue severity scale (FSS). This questionnaire consisted of nine questions with a numeric scale for answers ranging from 0 to 7. A score of 7 indicates the highest level of fatigue and 1 indicates no fatigue. The patients with above-average scores were considered to have fatigue and those with lower scores were considered to have no fatigue. To analyse the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression) were used. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.1 ± 14.4 years. The majority of the subjects were women (58.9%), married (91.1%), and with an educational level below diploma (40%). The average score of fatigue was 5.8 ± 0.54 out of 7. The results of the logistic regression model showed that the factors influencing cancer-related fatigue were the variable of unemployment (p =0.034, β= 1.1) and haemoglobin levels (p=0.049, β= 0.33). Conclusion: The results showed that in addition to providing physical care and nursing interventions, it is important to consider demographic factors and psychological interventions for the comprehensive management of problems in cancer patients, particularly fatigue.}, Keywords = { Neoplasms, Patients, Fatigue}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {75-83}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.75}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-889-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-889-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shirdelpour, Kobra and Shafipour, Seyede Zahra and Mirzaei, Mahshid and KazemNejadLeili, Ehsan and Nath, Anit}, title = {Poisoning and its Related Factors in Children under 6 Years Old in Rasht}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Poisoning is a major public health problem and one of the most common causes of child mortality, particularly in developing countries. Incidences of poisoning are variable according to the cultural and economic characteristics of particular communities. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze cases of poisoning in children under 6 years of age underwent hospitalization in a health center of Rasht. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a case-control study. The study included 2160 cases of hospitalized children under 6 years old.  The study duration was 4 months. There were 2 groups, 70 children hospitalized because of poisoning (case group) and a control group of 105 people (1.5 times that of the case group) that consisted of children under 6 years of age and , non-hospitalized. Information gathered by questionnaire included; demographic information on individuals and families, as well as method of poisoning and the child's condition after hospitalization.  Information was collected from interviews and medical records. Data were analyzed after collection using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, means and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square tests, t-test). Results: The findings showed that most children (51.4 %) were between the ages of 1-3 years. Of the total sample 64.3 % were boys and 35.7 % were girls. In 80% of cases, poisoning was accidental and 97.1% were gastrointestinal in nature. In 51.4% cases, the cause was poisoning from medicine; 36.1% of cases were caused by methadone and in 17.1% of cases incidents had occurred in the kitchen. There was significant difference in both case and control groups in terms of father's level of education (P = 0.012) and mother's job (P = 0.025). Conclusion: Results showed that the most common cause of poisoning in children aged 1-3 was from pharmaceutical drugs; determined by the side effects of poisoning.  A low rate of parental awareness was considered to have contributed to these cases of poisoning so parental awareness was determined as significantly important for improving childcare in the study region.}, Keywords = {Poisoning, Hospitalized Child, Epidemiologic Factors}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-92}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.85}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-890-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-890-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {ZabihiAfroozi, Sharare and Mirhaghjou, Seyedeh Noshaz and Pakseresht, Sedigheh and KazemNejadLeili, Ehsan and QuaziSyed, Zahiruddi}, title = {Participation of Mothers in the Care of Premature Infants and its Associated Factors}, abstract ={Introduction: Parental participation in the care of and support to premature infants is the main factor in accelerating health improvement and growth of infants in the neonatal unit. Many factors are associated with this participation, whose investigation provides appropriate contexts for parental participation. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the participation of mothers in the care of premature infants and factors associated with it. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive–analytical study in which 170 mothers with premature infants, admitted to the neonatal ward of the hospitals chosen by the Guilan University of Medical Sciences, were examined using available sampling method. The information collection tool was a questionnaire of two parts: the questionnaire of the participation of parents with hospitalized infants and the researcher-made questionnaire of the factors associated with mothers’ participation in the care of premature infants. After sampling, the data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t–independent, ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, and regression models). Results: The results suggest that the participation rate of mothers in infant care is 79.03%, and the birth weight (ß = -0.001, P = 0.017), gender (ß = 0.830, P = 0.024), to become familiar with the physical environment by the nurse (ß = 1.506, P = 0.001), to become familiar with the equipment used for infants in the department by the nurse (ß = 1.152, P = 0.009), explanation by a nurse for the measurements done for the infant and the reasons (ß = 0.818, P = 0.023), and blood sampling or venipuncture or pricking the infant (ß = 0.185, P = 0.041), were considered among the predictors of mothers’ participation. Conclusion: Due to the identification of factors associated with the participation of mothers in the care of premature infants, it is recommended that the managers and nurses use the results to improve and strengthen the participation of mothers in the care of hospitalized infants. }, Keywords = {Mothers, Premature Infant, Infant Care}, volume = {27}, Number = {2}, pages = {93-102}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.93}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-892-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-892-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Amini, Sanaz and Moghadamnia, Mohammad Taghi and Paryad, Ezzat and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {Factors Associated with Survival Rate after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation}, abstract ={Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is considered as the most important cause of mortality among men and women throughout the world. This condition causes sudden cardiac arrest in more than half of the cases. To reduce mortality due to this disease, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the determinants of its success are the focus of researchers. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate of CPR and its associated factors in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest in a teaching medical center in Rasht. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study investigated 100 patients undergoing CPR during spring-summer 2014 at Specialized Cardiology Center in Rasht. The instrument of this study was the standard checklist of Utstein-Style that included information on age, gender, cause of cardiac arrest, rhythm, work shift, CPR place, interval of cardiac arrest until arrival of CPR team, interval of cardiac arrest until shock, interval of cardiac arrest until intubation, interval of cardiac arrest until CPR termination, short-term and long-term outcomes of CPR, and brain function status until discharge from the hospital. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and analytic analyses (T-test,  Fisher’s exact test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression). Results: A total of 53% of subjects were male and mean age of the patients was 68.6 ± 14.4 years; 30% of patients who underwent CPR had short-term survival, and 11% were discharged with appropriate brain status with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS=15). Multiple logistic regression (Backward LR method) revealed that only gender (p=0.008, OR=6.46, CI95%: 1.63-25.5) and electric shock (p=0.03, OR=4.1, CI95%: 1.1-15.14) were statistically significant predictors of short-term survival. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, time is an important factor in CPR outcome and increasing the survival rate and timely use of electric shock can be an effective measure in shockable rhythms. Appropriate planning, training staff, and using appropriate facilities, as well as establishment of a primary warning system for calling CPR team in health centers can increase the success rate of CPR.  }, Keywords = { Heart Arrest, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Survival Rate, Inpatients}, volume = {27}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.3.1}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Emami, Mahasti and SalamiKohan, Kobra and SedighiChafjiri, Asieh and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehsan and RahmatPoor, Pardis}, title = {Attitude and Performance of Staff Working in Educational Hospitals Regarding Organ Donation}, abstract ={Introduction: The demand for organ donation has increased in most countries of the world, while the number of donors remains relatively stable. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the attitude and performance of physicians and nurses in Rasht city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted to investigate the attitude and performance of physicians and nurses working in educational centers in Rasht. The sample size was 423 people (296 nurses and 94 physicians), who were selected using stratified random sampling in December 2014. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, including socio-demographic characteristics and attitude questions that were analyzed using Independent t-test, ANOVA and Chi-square. Results: The findings indicated that 62.5% of the samples responded to the questionnaire using ‘no idea’ option (no agreement, no disagreement). Blood donation card recipients (P=0.05) and those whose relatives had donation card (P=0.035) along with those with organ donator card (P=0.05) had a more ‘agreed’ attitude. There was also a statistically significant relationship among the those with blood donation card and blood donation history (P=0.008), people having relatives with organ donation card (p=0.001), the presence of a member among close relatives (P=0.024), and having experience of taking care of the donor or recipient (P=0.002) with the performance of subjects (having organ donation card). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the role of physicians and nurses in encouraging people for organ donation and, therefore, promoting health in the community is not at a desirable level. Therefore, health practitioners and policymakers had been asked to propose solutions for correcting the culture of post-mortem organ donation in order to promote good attitudes and take basic measures in managerial, research, and care areas}, Keywords = { Tissue and Organ Procurement, Organ Transplantation, Attitude, Professional Practice}, volume = {27}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-16}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.3.9}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-912-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-912-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Esmaeili, Maryam and Cheraghi, Mohammad Ali and Salsali, Mahvash}, title = {Explaining the Context of Patient-Centered Care in Critical Care Units}, abstract ={Introduction: Patient-centered care refers to care with respect for and responsiveness to patients’ preferences, needs, and values; in this type of care, it is ensured that a patient's values are valued in clinical decision-making. Achieving Patient-centered care is not simple and needs a proper context to be provided. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explain the context of Patient-centered care in critical care units. Materials and Methods: This study is of a qualitative nature with a content analysis approach. A total of 26 deep, semi-structured interviews were used in this study. The research setting included critical care units of selected hospitals of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Participants' speeches were recorded with a tape recorder and immediately transcribed word-by-word. After reading the interviews, the resulting data were coded and then classified according to the similarities and differences in order to understand the general text of the interviews; the sub-categories and the sub- categories were extracted. Results: The study data led to the identification of three categories: specialized nature of care, individual factors, and organizational factors. The third category consisted of three sub- categories such as hardware, attention-to-model experiences, and the actual performance of managers. Conclusion: Patient-centered care is a multidimensional and subjective concept focused on nurses' perceptions. In order to achieve Patient-centered care, not only the effectiveness of the nurses' efforts but up-to-date knowledge, the hardware structure of care, and the performance of managers at a wider level are also important.  }, Keywords = {Patient-Centered Care, Critical Care Units, Hospital, Nursing Staff}, volume = {27}, Number = {3}, pages = {17-26}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.3.17}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-913-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-913-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {FeiziNazarloo, Leila and SedghiSabet, Mitra and Jafaraghaee, Fateme and KazemnezhadLeyli, Ehsan and RahbarTaromsari, Morteza and Jolly, Avinish}, title = {Emergency Department Nurses\'s Knowledge about Forensic Nursing}, abstract ={Introduction: Forensic nursing makes the relation between medical profession and judicial system using the forensic science in prevention, intervention and treatment guidance. Increasing the nurses’ knowledge of forensic nursing will provide high quality, safe and holistic nursing. Objective: This study aimed to determine the level of emergency nurses’ knowledge about forensic nursing. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 195 nurses working in emergency department of educational hospitals in Rasht city by census sampling. Data was gathered by a researcher-made questionnaire. The responses had been scored from 0 to 17. Scores had been categorized as 0-5= poor, 6-11= medium, 12-17= good and in three levels of poor (0-33% of total scores), medium (34-66% of total scores) and good (67-100% of total scores). Data was analyzed using descriptive (means and standard deviation) and Inferencial (statistical tests of Man Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, Logistic Regression) statistics.  Significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: Findings showed that work shifts of 87.2% of subjects were rotated, 89.7% were clinical nurses, with work experience of mean 6.66 years in nursing profession and mean 3.73 years in emergency department. 95.4% of subjects had no education about managing the forensic patients, 92.3% had stated that there was no documented guideline in caring of forensic patients and 95.9% had educational needs for managing the forensic patients. Data showed that only 0.51%, 54.36% and 45.13% of the subjects had good, medium and poor knowledge on forensic nursing, respectively. The most and least level of knowledge was on identification of forensic patient and protection of forensic evidences respectively. There was a significant relationship between knowledge on forensic nursing and sex (P=0.015) and organizational position (P=0.021). Conclusion: In order to provide holistic care to forensic patients, the role of forensic nurses in emergency departments is especially important. Findings emphasis that there is a need to specialized education about forensic nursing in Iran}, Keywords = { Emergency Nursing, Knowledge, Forensic Nursing}, volume = {27}, Number = {3}, pages = {27-36}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.3.27}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Golestani, Mina and AsadiLouyeh, Ataollah and Sheikholeslami, Farzaneh and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehsan and Kumar, Shiv}, title = {A Medical Team’s Perspective Regarding Presence of the Family Members of Patients during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Intensive Care Unit}, abstract ={Introduction: The basic needs of a patient and his/her family members are to be supported during health care and especially during critical situations. One such support is required during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Hence knowing the perspective of medical persons about “Family member’s Presence during Resuscitation” (FPDR) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is important. Methods and Materials: This research was a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. The population consisted of 360 members of the medical team in the ICUs of educational hospitals in Rasht during 2014–2015. Data were collected by means of census sampling using a two-part questionnaire, which included demographic information and the medical team’s perspective. Fischer exact test, spearman’s coefficient, logistic regression, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the results of the study. Results: The findings showed that 156 (43%) medical team members had experience of FPDR. Only 71 (19.7%) stated that they would invite family members to be present during the resuscitation process. The Fisher test showed a significant difference between the medical team’s perspective of FPDR (P=0.033), with the majority of the emergency specialists (40%) and anesthesiology (4.2%) showing the highest and lowest agreement respectively about FPDR. The logistic regression model showed that the perspective of the medical team with a Bacheler's Degree (BS). In nursing degree (OR=4.3, p<0.021), an MSC. Nursing degree (OR=6.9, P<0.018), an anesthesiologist associate degree (OR=22.5, P<0.001), a BS. anesthesiologist degree (OR=5.7, P<0.029), and an emergency specialist status (OR=19.8, P<0.032) had a more positive attitude toward FPDR compared with the general practitioners. Conclusion: Considering the medical team’s perspective of the importance of FPDR, it is necessary to formulate an instruction in ICUs to provide the grounds for it.  }, Keywords = { Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Family, Intensive Care Unit }, volume = {27}, Number = {3}, pages = {37-45}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.3.37}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {DehghanManshadi, Zobeydeh and Kajbaf, Mohammad Bagher and Hamedi, Susan and DehghanManshadi, Marieh and Nowroozi, Safoor}, title = {Investigating the Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Version of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale}, abstract ={Introduction: Plastic surgery and its acceptance have been increasing in recent years. People have different psychological problems. In recent years, studies have emerged on this group of people. However, there is no tool that can assess the acceptance of plastic surgery. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 226 students were selected through convenience sampling among students of Hormozgan University during the academic year 2014–2015. In order achieve the aims of this study, the Iranian version of the ACSS was completed. The data was analyzed using internal consistency, composite, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The reliability of the scale was obtained by calculating the internal consistency of Cronbach’s alpha as 0.94 and using the spelling method as 0.81. The results of the exploratory factor analysis reveal that two factors, “intrapersonal” and “social attention and consider”, in this scale explain 65.57% of the total variance of the test. The confirmatory factor analysis confirms the existence of these two factors. The correlation coefficients of the subscales with the whole test were 0.89 and 0.97. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the ACSS can be an appropriate tool for assessing the tendency of individuals to perform plastic surgery and can be used as a valid scale in Iran.}, Keywords = { Plastic Surgery, Statistical Factor Analysis, Psychometrics}, volume = {27}, Number = {3}, pages = {47-56}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.3.47}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khorram, Roghayeh and Hasani, Maryam and Karimy, Mahmood and Mohammadi, Atefeh and Ranjbaran, Mehdi}, title = {Factors Related to Women\'s Fertility Intent: A Study Based on the Theory of Rational Action}, abstract ={Introduction: Over the past few decades, we have seen a major decline in fertility in Iran and in the world. A wide range of social, economic and personality factors, including delayed marriage, fertility behavior, educational and economic goals have affected fertility intent. The rational action theory that determines the relationship among attitude, intent and behavior can be used to explain women's fertility intent. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to fertility intent based on rational action theory. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional research, the study’s population includes 480 married women covered by Saveh health centers which were selected by cluster sampling in 2015 and became subjects of the study. Data was collected by self-report and using a questionnaire designed on the basis of the constructs of the theory of rational action, marital satisfaction variable and demographic factors. It was analyzed by independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The results showed that about 62% of the women tended to have a baby. The variable of the fertility intent indicated significant and positive correlation with the constructs of the theory of rational action (attitude p<0.001, r=0.45, mental norms p <0.0001, r = 0.41, obedience motivation, p<0.0001, r = 0.36) and also marital satisfaction variable (p<0.0001, r = 0.37) and significant but a negative correlation with marriage age (r = -0.39, p <0.03). Conclusion: According to the relationship between the constructs of the theory of rational action and the intention of fertility, consideration of these factors is useful for influencing women's fertility. Educational interventions on fertility are also recommended to help couples make informed decisions about fertility and correct false beliefs.  }, Keywords = { Fertility, Reproductive Behavior, Women}, volume = {27}, Number = {3}, pages = {57-66}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.3.57}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-917-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-917-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khoshnodi, Zahra and RezaMasouleh, Shademan and SeyedFazelpour, Seyedeh Fatemeh and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {The Importance of Fulfillment of Family Needs at Critical Care Units}, abstract ={Introduction: Hospitalization of patients in the critical care units greatly affects their families and their balance. Attention to family needs can affect the treatment process. Identifying the needs of patients’ families and the extent to which they can be fulfilled can affect the treatment process. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of family needs of ICU patients and the extent of meeting their needs. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. The research population consisted of the families of patients admitted to the general ICU and neurosurgery department of Rasht Medical Education Center. A standardized tool, Critical Care Family Need’s Inventory (CCFNI), was used to assess the needs of ICU patients’ families. A total of 167 relatives of patients were included in the study. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation). The significance of needs was compared with their satisfaction using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Among the five areas of family needs of ICU patients, the area of ​​assurance was the most important (3.46±0.30) of the family needs of ICU patients and the level of satisfaction needs in the area of assurance (3.11±0.30) was higher than in other areas. The average score of the need importance and the level of satisfaction in the family of ICU patients shows that 10%, 7%, 15%, 16%, and 15% of the needs in the reassurance, comfort, information, close contact with the patient, and supportive dimensions were not met by the treatment staff to the extent of their importance. Conclusion: According to the results, the general average satisfaction of family needs in ICU patients is less than the average importance of their needs.}, Keywords = { Critical care units, Inpatients, family, Need assessment, Personal Satisfaction}, volume = {27}, Number = {3}, pages = {67-73}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.3.67}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-919-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-919-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mehriar, Oveis and Asghari, Farhad and Nemati, Shadman and Sadeghi, Abbas and FaghihHabibi, Ali and Salehpoor, Ghasem}, title = {Mental Health of Rhinoplasty Applicants: A Case Control Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Rhinoplasty applicants seem to be more susceptible to psychosomatic problems compared to other cosmetic surgery groups and this can affect their decision to go in for surgery. Objective: This study aims to determine the mental health of two groups—the control group and the group of rhinoplasty applicants—before surgery, based on their gender. Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted in 2013 at a Hospital of Rasht. A total of 136 rhinoplasty applicants and 136 individuals as the control were selected, using the availability sampling method, and investigated through a checklist of symptoms of the disease (Symptom Check List-90-Revised). The data analysis was performed using the one-variable and multivariate covariance analyses. Results: The main effect of grouping showed that rhinoplasty applicants had significantly higher mean scores than the control group in the interaction sensitivity components (P = 0.017) and anxiety (P = 0.009). In this case, the main effect of gender and the interactive effect of group and gender were not significant in any aspect of mental health. Conclusion: Poor mental health among volunteers of cosmetic surgery can be one of the factors behind their tendency toward such surgeries, including rhinoplasty. Therefore, investigation, assessment, and psychological intervention are recommended for these applicants before surgery to improve the image of him or herself as a person and reduce the symptoms of negative psychosis.  }, Keywords = { Rhinoplasty, Mental Health, Plastic Surgery}, volume = {27}, Number = {3}, pages = {75-84}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.3.75}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-920-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-920-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} }