1- Nursing (MSN), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. , rezazahedi1991@gmail.com
2- Instructor, Department of Nursing (Medical-Surgical), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
3- Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Bio-Statistics, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Abstract: (3047 Views)
Introduction: The rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its serious side-effects have drawn the attention of researchers to the importance of adherence to self-care behavior and recognizing its related factors such as patients’ health literacy.
Objective: This study aimed at determining the relationship of health literacy with adherence to self-care behaviors in patients with metabolic syndrome living in Rasht City, Iran, in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study has been conducted on 184 patients with metabolic syndrome who referred to selective specialist clinics of Rasht. The subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling method. The study data were collected with a three-part research instrument consisting of a disease-related and demographic questionnaire, hypertension self-care activity level effects, and health literacy for Iranian adults. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (The Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression).
Results: The findings have shown that a high percentage of samples have adhered to not smoking (90.2%) and avoidance of alcohol consumption (98.9%), and a low percentage to diet (21.2%) and physical exercise (18.5%). Most samples had adequate health literacy (44.6%). Their total health literacy had only a significant relationship with self-care behaviors related to losing weight (P=0.0001). On the whole, regression test analyses confirmed the predicting ability of decision making and health literacy behaviors in adherence to medication (β=0.006; 95%CI=1.269-2.948; P=0.001), diet (β=1.525; 95%CI=2.108-10.006; P=0.001), smoking (β=1.244; 95%CI=1.814-6.632; P=0.001), and weight control (β=0.931; 95%CI=1.458-4.415; P=0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of the research call for further attention to health literacy promotion, especially in decision making and behavior dimension in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Highlights
● Metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance or disruption of insulin metabolism, and lipid disorders (increased triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein).
● Self-care behaviors in patients with metabolic syndrome is a set of behaviors such as healthy nutrition, exercise, using the medicine, etc.
● Literacy may affect self-care behaviors.
● Most of the studied samples had adequate and high health literacy.
● Health literacy behavior was the predictor of self-care behavior in four areas of medication, diet, smoking, and weight control.
Plain Language Summary
Metabolic syndrome comprises a set of risk factors such as high blood pressure, high level of fasting blood glucose, abdominal obesity, and a high level of blood lipids. These risk factors increase the risk of catching cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and eventually, the mortality rate. Self-care behaviors as the cornerstone of long-term management of this syndrome include defined practices such as healthy diet, doing exercise, and using the medication. Health literacy is one of the active factors in increasing the level of people’s knowledge in receiving the correct and authentic information from different sources to recognize their situation and self-care programs. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between health literacy and adherence to self-care behaviors in 184 patients with metabolic syndrome in Rasht City, Iran. According to the findings, the highest adherence in self-care behaviors pertained to avoiding alcohol and cigarettes, and the lowest to observing diet and exercise. Health literacy of most samples was in an adequate and high level. Decision-making and behavior dimension of health literacy had the most predicting ability in self-care behaviors, which indicates the effect of patients’ involving in making joint therapeutic decisions to improve self-care behaviors.
Article Type :
Applicable |
Subject:
General Received: 2019/07/28 | Accepted: 2019/08/10 | Published: 2019/10/1