@article{ author = {Amini, Roya and Gorjian, Shirin and Khodaveisi, Masoud and Soltanian, Alireza and Rezapur-Shahkolai, Forouz}, title = {Association of Life Stress with Road Accidents}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Road accidents are a major cause of health problems in the world, and lifestyle stress is one of the most important factors in the occurrence of these events. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between life stress and road accidents. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Hamadan in 2013. The sampling method was carried out in two stages: the first stage involved simple randomization, and the second stage was convenient sampling. The sample size consisted of 103 people who referred to the car accident insurance centers (case group: regarding road accidents), and 206 people who referred to the police stations (control group: no accident). The measurement tool was a two-part self-reporting questionnaire that included information regarding demographic and lifestyle stress. The data was analyzed by the Chi-square test and Logistic regression based on age and sex. The significance level of all the tests was considered as less than 0.05. Results: The results indicated that life stresses (financial problems, family arguments, occupational problems, and night shifts), and stresses during driving (retaliatory or angry reactions during driving, fear of possible damage during driving, and poor road conditions) have a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.05), such that the odds of road accidents caused by lifestyle stress in the case group was about three times more than the control group (P = 0.001, OR = 2.958, 95% CI = 1.66–5.26). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated the role of lifestyle stress as a contributing factor to road accidents; so, it can be concluded that reducing the level of these stresses may prevent such accidents.  }, Keywords = { Psychological Stress, Life Style, Traffic Accidents}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.1}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-933-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-933-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Asgari, Parvaneh and Bahramnezhad, Fatemeh and Zand, Soleyman and Salehi, Fatemeh and Rafiei, Fatemeh}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Two Educational Methods on the Frequency of Hospitalization and Clinical Symptoms of Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction}, abstract ={Introduction: Patient training can be effective in preventing and controlling disease complications. Providing patient and family trainings is particularly important for improving compliance with a treatment diet. Objective: The present study aimed at “determining the effect of two training methods (family-centered and patient-centered) on the frequency of hospitalization and clinical symptoms of patients after acute myocardial infarction”. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed in the Heart Care Unit of one of the hospitals in Arak, Iran between October and March 2014. Here, 60 patients who had experienced their first heart attack were randomly selected and divided into two groups: patient training and family training. Thereafter, for the intervention group, each patient was trained with an active member of the family through a computer in three fields of food, medicine, motion in three sessions of 30-45 min, and in the control group the same training content was given only to the patient (without the family). At the time of discharge, the checklist of patients' clinical symptoms and the number of re-admittance was given to patients to be marked if they occurred. Three months after the intervention, the incidence of clinical symptoms and re-admission in the two groups were compared and evaluated. Finally, data was analyzed using Chi-square and independent t-test. Results: The two groups were significantly different in terms of demographic characteristics including age, gender, history of smoking and alcohol, occupation, familial history of cardiovascular disease, education, sport, and underlying diseases. The findings showed that the frequency of clinical symptoms including chest pain (P = 0.0001), Exertional dyspnea (P = 0.004), Orthopnea (P = 0.033), Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (P = 0.03), Heart palpitations (P = 0.015) and the frequency of re-admittance (P = 0.015) were significantly lower in the family-based training group than patient-centered. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, implementation of training programs with the presence of families plays an important role in following the plan, subsequently improving the treatment outcomes and reducing the cost of treatment for patients. Therefore, it is recommended that family-centered training interventions be conducted.}, Keywords = { Myocardial Infarction, Patient Education, Patient Readmission, Signs and Symptoms}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-17}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.9}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-934-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-934-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Azimi, Hanifeh and MajdTeimouri, Zahra and Mousavi, Saghi and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehsan and Jafaraghaee, Fatemeh}, title = {Individual Protection Adopted by ICU Nurses against Radiation and its Related Factors}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: not following safety tips during mobile radiography can bring about risks for nurses in ICU wards. Objective: the study aimed to determine the status of personal protection against radiation and its associated factors in nurses working in ICU wards of health care-educational centers affiliated with Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht, Iran. Materials and Methods: in this cross-sectional analytical study, the knowledge and performance of 142 nurses in ICU wards were examined in terms of personal protection against radiation as well as the protective equipment and facilities available through census. The data collection instruments included a research-made questionnaire and checklist. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: the first dealt with personal-occupational information, while the second section included 11 four-option questions related to knowledge about protection against radiation. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical indices (mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and logistic regression) were used. Results: the findings indicated that 64.1% of samples were women, 62.7% were married, and 90.1% had bachelor’s degree. Considering employment status, 52.1% were permanent employed, while 86.6% were in turn taking nurses. A total of 41.5% of samples had a working background of less than 5 years, and 97.9% of them had not participated in any course for protection against radiation. The results also indicated that most samples (62.7%) had poor knowledge about personal protection against radiation, and only 37.3% of samples had medium knowledge, and finally none of them had favorable level of knowledge. None of the ICU wards were equipped with necessary and sufficient equipment, among which only lead divider was sufficiently available in all wards. Regarding the protective performance of samples, the results showed that 100% of samples had a poor performance. There was a significant relationship between the knowledge of protection against radiation and gender (P=0.01), being married (P=0.041), and education (P=0.016). A significant relationship was also observed between the protective performance of samples and gender (P=0.011), training method (P=0.006), and age (P=0.005). Conclusion: Considering the poor knowledge of the studied samples and inadequacy of equipment regarding protection against radiation, and in response to poor performance, training nurses and equipping the ICU wards seem to be essential.  }, Keywords = { Radiation Protection, Hospital Nursing Staff, Intensive Care Units}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {18-25}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.18}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-935-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-935-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Barzegar, Fereshteh and Paryad, Ezzat and Jafroudi, Shirin and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehsan and GhanbariKhanghah, Atefeh}, title = {Nursing Students’ Viewpoints: Effect of Hidden Curriculum on Learning}, abstract ={Abstract   Introduction: The experiences of learners in the educational system are not just limited to the overt curriculum. Other factors also play a significant role in shaping student learning in the form of hidden curriculum. Students’ views on this issue can help design a suitable curriculum. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the viewpoint of nursing students about the hidden curriculum on learning. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. The sample size of this study comprised 300 nursing students of the Guilan University of Medical Sciences’ Faculty of Nursing (students of the 2nd to the 8th semesters) who were selected using the random sampling method. The research instrument included a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts of the socio-demographic characteristics and 34 statements about students’ views regarding the effect of hidden curriculum on learning. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the binomial test. Results: The results of this study on the effect of the hidden curriculum on learning showed that the subjects agreed on the impact of the program in 25 statements (P=0.038) and selected disagreement options only in nine statements. According to responses of the research subjects, the reasons why the hidden curriculum was effective on learning based on students’ viewpoints are: Good student-professor relationship (88%), a chance to interact with experienced professors (82%), student humiliation (80%), equipping classes with up-to-date electronic teaching aids (80%) and attention to the peer group as a model of behavior (53%). Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the profound effect of the hidden curriculum on learning. Considering the importance of the formal curriculum, more attention to the hidden curriculum can boost knowledge among students.}, Keywords = {Curriculum, Learning, Nursing Students}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {26-34}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.26}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-936-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-936-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dabaghi, Sahar and Sheikholeslami, Farzaneh and Chehrzad, Minoo Mitra and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {Relationship between Family Functioning and Aggression in High School Students}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Aggression is a major trait that occurs in adolescence. Family is the first institution in which a person joins, therefore family functioning is a significant factors in the development of aggressive behaviors in adolescents. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between family functioning and aggression in students aged 14-18 years in Rasht. Materials and Methods: The present research is a cross-sectional analytical study. The research population consisted of 500 students aged between 14 and 18 years, studying in the first to the third grade of high school in public and non-public schools in Districts 1 and 2 of Rasht, who were selected using random cluster sampling. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device (FAD) Scale, and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics including Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney, and Spearman correlation test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between family functioning score and total aggression score (P= 0.0001). There was also a significant relationship between aggression and role, control of behavior, emotional response and emotional involvement (P= 0.001) as well as communication dimensions (P= 0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between aggression and having a separate room (P= 0.011), father's education (P= 0/007), father's occupation (p = 0.04), and family income status (p = 0.041). Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that children of families functioning appropriately   are more likely to develop aggression than those in families functioning properly.  }, Keywords = {Physical Abuse, Workplace Violence, Emergency Medical Services, Workplace}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-43}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.35}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-937-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-937-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dakhode, Sarika and Gaidhane, Abhay and Muntode, Pramita and Choudhari, Sonali and SyedZahiruddin, Quazi and Dawale, Ajay}, title = {Health Workforce related challenges for Emergency Obstetric Care at peripheral health facilities: Providers’ Perspective}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India is constantly Functioning to provide optimum health care to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by updating health infrastructure. Objective:  To study the readiness and challenges of peripheral health facilities regarding skilled health workforce to provide Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC). Materials and Methods: A descriptive phenomenological type of qualitative research study was done in all peripheral health facilities (seven) in Deoli block of Wardha District (Maharashtra, India) from February-July 2014. Key informant interviews of Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) service providers at different level (facility, block and district level) were conducted by using stratified purposive sampling,  to obtain their perspective regarding facility preparedness for health workforce in terms of their availability and skilfulness (training) and barriers if any to provide EmOC. Written informed consent of participants to conduct and audio recording of interview session was obtained. Thematic analysis of data was done where in appropriate, significant and evocative remarks from service providers were used for analysis. Themes that were emerged out after discussion with all providers (participants) were presented. Comments were presented in text form with quotes to highlight the study findings whenever appropriate. Results: Service providers shared key concern about medical officers who have recently completed graduation and recruited for one-year bonded service but mostly desire for further education and show minimal involvement in service. Trained contractual Medical Officers left over service after completion of bond. Usually single Medical Officer remains available in most of the Primary Health Center (PHCs). Stakeholders discussed the difficulties about retention of specialist in rural hospital. Insufficient trainers and training pattern are significant challenges; suggested to shift from theoretical to practical skill and trainees’ selection for improving outcome. Conclusion: Contractual staff is the current option to address health workforce issue. After building up capacity of such staff, their consistent availability is challenging for district stakeholders too. Training for EmOC was provided at the district level, but to develop practical skill among trainees more hands on practice was essential. This requires significant policy level interventions.}, Keywords = { Emergency Medical Services, Obstetrics, Health Personnel, Health Facilities}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-55}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.44}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-938-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-938-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GolzareZahmatkeshSanggouei, Ali and Pourshaikhian, Majid and EsmaeilpourBandboni, Mohammad and Moghadamnia, Mohammad Taghi and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehsan and Hasandoost, Fateme}, title = {Workplace Physical Violence against the Pre-hospital Emergency Staff in Guilan Province}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Workplace violence is one of the problems faced by health care workers. Pre-hospital emergency staff is exposed to workplace violence, according to their working conditions. Understanding the nature of workplace violence plays a fundamental role in its prevention and management. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the frequency of workplace physical violence against pre-hospital emergency staff and its relationship with some demographic variables. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 130 pre-hospital emergency medical staff, selected on the basis of random sampling in the Guilan province in 2014, using a standard questionnaire on violence against health care staff, developed by the International Labour Organization, the Nursing High Council, the World Health Organization, and the International Public Service in 2002. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher exact tests, as well as Logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 34.51% of the subjects experienced physical violence in the past year. The findings also showed that there was a significant relationship between the incidence of physical violence and marital (p = 0.008), age (p = 0.04), and higher work experience variables (p = 0.04). Conclusion: There is a prevalent workplace physical violence against pre-hospital emergency staff, causing individual and organizational complications. This issue should be addressed by emergency managers and preventive measures should be taken to improve the safety of the staff and the productivity of the organization.  }, Keywords = { Physical Abuse, Workplace Violence, Emergency Medical Services, Workplace }, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {56-63}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.56}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-939-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-939-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moghasemi, Sedigheh and Vedadhir, Abouali and Simbar, Masoumeh}, title = {Models for Providing Midwifery Care and its Challenges in the Context of Iran}, abstract ={Abstract   Introduction: Looking at the role of midwives and the need to invest in this profession in order to achieve development objectives. Objective: The aim of this study is to review the characteristics of midwifery care presentation models in the world as well as in Iran and investigate its challenges in the country. Materials and Methods: This study is a review done in 2016. First, all papers published in Persian and English until 2016 were searched in online databases. Overall, 20 English papers, one Persian paper, and several related websites were used for accurate explanation, interpretation, and search of every care model. During investigation of papers, emphasis had been placed on introduction, results, and discussion of the characteristics of midwifery care models. The challenges relating to the design and application of these care models in Iran have been discussed and some solutions have been offered. Results: Although there are various definitions about Models of midwifery care, the boundary between midwifery care models and care models in which midwives are present is clear. Today, midwifery care is going through a transformation and redefinition process there has been changes in response to women’s needs to help the development of the midwifery profession. Midwifery-led care models have various advantages for mothers and babies; they bring about a high level of satisfaction among pregnant women, reduction of undesirable outcome for mothers and babies, and empowerment of women. Conclusion: The prerequisite for promotion of mothers and babies’ health is giving women the rights to informed choose for choice of child birth and delivery methods. So, design and implementation of midwifery care models must correspond with the culture, beliefs, and knowledge native to each region and with constant protection of security and cultural safety of mothers during childbirth.  }, Keywords = {Patient Care, Midwifery, Pregnancy, Mothers}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {64-74}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.64}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pormosayebi, Somayeh and Shamsi, Mohsen and Khorsandi, Mahboobeh and Koolivand, Ali and Ranjbaran, Mehdi}, title = {Factors Affecting the Behavior of Pregnant Women toward Avoiding Polluted Air}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Pregnant women are highly vulnerable to air pollution, which has a significant impact on the health of the pregnant women and their fetus. Objective: The present study aimed at determining the factors affecting the behavior of pregnant women in Arak, Iran toward avoiding exposure to polluted air. Materials and Methods: In this analytic cross-sectional study, 208 pregnant women who were referred to health centers in Arak city were selected using multistage random sampling method. The data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire, completed after determining its validity and reliability. This questionnaire included demographic characteristics of the mother, knowledge and the behavior of some of the mothers toward avoiding exposure to polluted air, and was scored on 100 points. Data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and T-test. Results: The mean age of mothers was 26.48 ± 4.77 years, mean gestational age was 14.88 ± 5.9 weeks, and mean knowledge score was 40.56 ± 16.91. There was a positive and significant correlation between knowledge and mother’s age (r = 0.279), husband’s age (r = 0.222), and number of smokers in the family (r = 0.178) and a negative and significant correlation with gestational age (r = -0.168) (p = 0.05). Also, there was a significant association between educational level of mother and husband, husband’s job and income with knowledge and behavior (p = 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, mothers’ knowledge was less than average. It is thus suggested to develop and implement educational programs for pregnant women advanced in age and during the end of pregnancy to improve their behavior toward avoiding polluted air.}, Keywords = {Pregnant Women, Air Pollution, prevention & control}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-83}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.75}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-941-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-941-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {RazmaraIranagh, Somaieh and HemmatiMaslakpak, Masumeh}, title = {The Effect of Family-Based Telephone Follow-Up on Self-Care of Patients with Diabetes}, abstract ={Introduction: Family-centered education of patients with diabetes mellitus can play an important role in controlling the disease and reducing its complications. Objective: The present study aims to determine the effect of family-based telephone follow-up about self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Uromia. Materials and Methods: The present clinical trial study investigated 60 patients with diabetes. These 60 patients were randomly enrolled and divided into control (n = 30) and intervention (n = 30) groups. The intervention group received family-centered follow-up for three months. The data collection tool was demographic, the diabetes self-care questionnaire was completed through in-person interviews before and after intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, T-test, and Mann-Whitney test). Results: The results of this study showed that after the family-based telephone follow-up, the mean self-care scores and the dimensions (nutrition, physical activity, blood glucose control, foot care, and self-care) were significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of adherence to the medication regimen after the intervention between the two groups. Conclusion: Family-oriented follow-up by a nurse can have important effects on self-care and its dimensions (nutrition, physical activity, blood glucose control, and foot care) in patients with diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses follow up and educate the family members of patients to participate in diabetes care.}, Keywords = {Self Care, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Cell Phones, Family}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {84-91}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.28.1.84}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-942-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-942-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {BaghaieLakeh, Maryam and BaghaieLakeh, Mojgan and KhaleghdoostMohammad, Tahereh and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {The Effect of Use of Earplugs on Sleep Quality in Coronary Care Units Patients}, abstract ={Introduction: Sleep deprivation along with subsequent increased blood pressure and heart rate can lead to higher risk among patients admitted to Coronary Care Units (CCUs). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of use of earplugs on sleep quality and its domains (sleep disturbance, supplementary sleep and the effectiveness of sleep) in CCU patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-over randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 92 CCU patients in 2 groups of A (using earplugs at the first night and no earplugs at the second night) and B (no earplugs at the first night and using earplugs at the second night). Data collection was done using a two-part tool including a researcher-made questionnaire on individual and socio-demographic information related to disease and standard scale of Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale (VSH Sleep Scale). Earning higher scores was described as poor sleep quality in the overall quality of sleep and its domains. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, ANOVA and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) logistic regression. Results: The results revealed that the female participants made up the majority of samples in both groups A and B (54.2 and 60.4%). The use of earplugs significantly reduced the quality of sleep disturbance domain in both groups A and B (P=0.0001 and P=0.021, respectively), and the supplementary sleep domain in group A (P=0.027). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean change in overall sleep quality score and its domains within the two nights. Finally, the GEE-based regression test based on controlling the individual and social and disease-associated factors indicates the effect of use of earplugs in reducing the quality of sleep (B=3.1 and P=0.0001) and its domains, including sleep disturbance (B=-5.59 and P=0.021), supplementary sleep (B=3.33 and P=0.0001) and sleep effectiveness (B=-1.43 and P=0.027). Conclusion: The negative effects of using earplugs on overall sleep quality and its domains in this study highlights the need to carry out further researches in order to find an effective method to improve sleep quality in CCU patients.}, Keywords = {Ear Protective Devices, Sleep, Inpatients, Coronary Care Units}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {93-100}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.2.93}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-969-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-969-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Farrokhmanesh, Mandana and MokhtariLakeh, Nasrin and Asiri, Shahla and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehsan and Ghaemi, Alireza and Afzali, Siamak}, title = {A Comparative Effect of Child-to-Child and Health Educator to-Child Teaching Approaches on Nutritional Status in Elementary School Students}, abstract ={Introduction: Nutritional problems are one of the most important health issues among school-aged children, and modification of the nutritional status in children is as well important. Objective: Present study aims to determine the effectiveness of child to child teaching approach as compared to educator to child teaching approach on promotion of nutritional status of elementary school students in Rasht city in 2014-15. Materials and Methods: This is an educational trial study. Samples were chosen by random-cluster sampling model through which 452 students aging 9-11 years were selected from third, fourth and fifth grades from elementary schools of different districts of Rasht. Tools consisted of demographic questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (checklist) with 54 items on snacks. From 452 students, 188 students with unfavorable frequency were divided into three groups; 62 students in child-to-child group, 68 students in health educator-to-child group and 58 students in control group. An educational package (including pamphlets, booklets and posters) was taught by researcher on food pyramid, healthy and unhealthy snacks using role play and fruit festival conducted in three sessions each lasting 30 minutes for three level elementary students and health educators. Of course the control group received no intervention. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi Square, Mann Whiteny ans Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: The differences of mean in score changes before and after education in child to child group was more effective than educator to child teaching group (P=0.001). Based on food frequency score obtained on nutritional status after teaching, the health educator to child group performed better than other groups (P=0.014). Conclusion: Study findings indicated that child to child teaching was close to the performance of health educators in relation to promotion of nutritional status and favorable food frequency. Therefore in attention to potential ability of children in teaching, they can improve school health programs along with educator to child teaching approach.  }, Keywords = {Health education, Nutritional status, Students}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {101-108}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.2.101}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-970-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-970-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GhaffariSardasht, Fatemeh and JahaniShourab, Nahid and Jafarnejad, Farzaneh and Esmaily, Habibollah}, title = {Communication Skills of Health Personnel During Reproductive Ages in Pre-Conception Care}, abstract ={Introduction: Suitable communication skills in pre-delivery cares are important due to the effect on the extent of anxiety and to better understand the training given. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of determining the communication skills of health personnel during delivery of pre prenatal care. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study with analytical type was performed in 2012 and 2013 on 360 women who had visited healthcare centers in Mashhad to receive pre prenatal care along with 39 healthcare providers employed in these centers. The sampling was performed as multistage. The data collection instrument included the questionnaire of the characteristics of healthcare providers and research units as well as the checklist of assessing care based on Donabedian model. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical indices as well as Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman statistical tests. Results: The results indicated that the communication skills of the personnel are of medium level. The minimum skill of the health personnel was observed in preserving the privacy of the service receivers. Other results also indicated that there is a significant relationship between the personnel’s attitude toward necessity of prenatal cares (P=0.001) and their background in the plan of integrated cares for mothers (P=0.024). Conclusion: Based on the results, the minimum skill of health personnel was in preserving the privacy of the service receivers, so holding courses for communication skills is recommended for the health personnel.  }, Keywords = {Communication, Health personnel, Mothers, Pre-Natal Cares}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-114}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.2.109}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-971-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-971-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kamalifard, Mahin and BayatiPayan, Somayeh and Panahi, Samira and Hasanpoor, Shirin and BabapourKheiroddin, Jalil}, title = {Paternal Postpartum Depression and Its Relationship With Maternal Postpartum Depression}, abstract ={Introduction: Evidence shows that some men suffer from Postpartum Depression (PPD), and that the adverse effects of this unknown phenomenon affect them and their family. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine paternal PPD and its relationship with some factors, especially maternal PPD. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 205 couples who were selected using a random cluster sampling in seven health centers affiliated to the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences six to 12 weeks after childbirth. Data was collected from fathers using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a demographic questionnaire. The Edinburgh questionnaire was also used for the mothers. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation as well as the Chi-square and linear regression. Results: A total of 11.7% of the fathers had depression symptoms. There was a significant and direct correlation between the paternal and maternal PPD scores (r=0.29, P=0.001). Among the sociodemographic and fertility factors, there was a significant relationship only between a family’s livelihood situation, the number of abortions and the number of pregnancies with the parental depression scores (P=0.05). In the regression analysis, maternal PPD (ß=0.22) and the family’s livelihood situation (ß=0.44) predicted paternal depression (P=0.001). This model totally explained about 30% of the changes in paternal PPD (R2=0.298). Conclusion: Considering the significant frequency of depression in fathers and the role of maternal depression as well as the family’s livelihood situation, it is recommended that evaluation should be carried out on paternal PPD and its risk factors in order to prevent and treat it in a timely manner}, Keywords = {Postpartum depression, Mothers, Family, Risk factors}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {115-120}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.2.115}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-972-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-972-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pourkhani, Solmaz and Chehrzad, Minoo Mitra and RezaMasouleh, Shadman and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {The Effect of Family-Based Care on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression of Mothers With Premature Infants}, abstract ={Introduction: Giving birth to a premature neonate and its hospitalization are a stressful incident for parents and can lead to feelings of disability, stress, and subsequent anxiety and depression, especially in the mothers of infants. One way to reduce these symptoms is to provide family-based care to mothers. Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the impact of family-based care on the amount of stress, anxiety, and depression of mothers with premature newborns that were hospitalized in neonatal care units. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 80 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in neonatal care units of Medical Educational health centers in Rasht City, Iran were selected based on consecutive sampling method and grouped in control and intervention, each with 40 subjects. The intervention group was provided with family-based care and the control group received routine maternity care. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure and compare the effect of family-based care on the amount and severity of stress, anxiety, and depression in mothers of both groups at three time points of initial care of the neonate, 4 days later, and during neonate’s discharge. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (such as independent t-test, Wilcoxon test, and the generalized linear model as generalized estimating equation method). Results: Our findings revealed no statistical difference in stress, anxiety, and depression between the control and intervention groups before the intervention; while the effect of family-based intervention on the severity of anxiety was significant (P=0.0001) between control and intervention group in such a way that the control group subjects were more anxious compared with the intervention group (95% CI=2.4-4.5). There was a statistically significant relationship between the effect of the family-based intervention and the stress scores (P=0.0001) so that the control group subjects had a higher stress level compared with their counterparts in the intervention group (95% CI=1.1-3.5). The effect of family-based care on the severity of depression was significant (P=0.0001) too, and the severity of depression in the control group was more than the intervention group (95% CI=0.84-2.5). Conclusion: Family-based care program is effective in improving problems and emotional issues of mothers hospitalized with premature newborns; emotional problems such as anxiety, stress, and depression.  }, Keywords = {Psychological stress, Anxiety, Depression, Patient care, Mothers}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {121-128}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.2.121}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-973-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-973-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rafiee, Azar and MoradiGomyek, Hadis and Haghighizade, Mohamad Hosei}, title = {Self-Treatment During Pregnancy and Its Related Factors}, abstract ={Introduction: Increasing self-treatment is one of the most important problems in the health system most importantly during pregnancy. Objective: To determine the status of self-treatment and its related factors in pregnant women in Ahwaz. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study evaluates the status of self-treatment during pregnancy for 400 women who have gave birth in the educational hospitals in Ahwaz. The sampling method was convenient and the data was collected by interviews and the completion of questionnaires. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and logistic regression tests. Results: In this study, 25.8% of all the studied women underwent self-treatment. The most common causes included believing in the treatment of disease with medication alone, believing in the safety of medications, and the availability of medications at home. The educational level of the pregnant women (95% CI=0.92-5.43, β=2.24) and their place of residence (95% CI=0.249-0.866, β=0.46) were associated with the self-medication rate. Conclusion: Since one-fourth of the studied population underwent self-medication and with the common causes related to the availability and the belief in safety of medications, in order to raise the awareness of pregnant women and reduce the rate of self-treatment, which may lead to neonatal abnormalities, it is essential that healthcare providers and pharmacists educate pregnant women.  }, Keywords = {Self medication, Pregnant women, Pregnancy}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {129-135}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.2.129}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-974-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-974-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rajabpoor, Mohammad and Zarifnejad, Gholam Hossein and Mohsenizadeh, Seyed Mostafa and Mazloum, Seyed Reza and Pourghaznein, Tayebeh and Mashmoul, Akram and Mohammad, Am}, title = {Barriers to the Implementation of Nursing Process From the Viewpoint of Faculty Members, Nursing Managers, Nurses, and Nursing Students}, abstract ={Introduction: The nursing process is defined as a standard of care; however, its implementation in actual clinical settings is very limited, which reduces the quality of care. Objective: To determine the barriers to the implementation of the nursing process from the viewpoint of the faculty members, nursing managers, nurses, and nursing students of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 2014 on 90 nursing lecturers and students of the Mashhad Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, and 134 nurses and nursing managers of the educational hospitals of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected by the convenient sampling method using a research-oriented questionnaire (validity and reliability confirmed) to investigate the barriers to the implementation of the nursing process. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics (mean±SD, and absolute and relative frequencies), one-way ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The most significant barrier to implementing the nursing process according to 90% of the lecturers was the lack of a checklist for recording the process in the medical records of the patients; according to 90% of the managers, it was the high number of patients under care of each nurse, and according to 90% of the nurses and 93.5% of the students, it was the lack of a principal training of the nursing process during their studentship. There was a significant difference in the views of the four groups (P=0.03). Conclusion: The health system authorities of the country should make changes in the clinical and educational areas, such as including a nursing process record sheet in the medical records of the patients, getting advice and assistance from the experts in the field of nursing education and technology, and facilitating the implementation of the nursing process in the clinical field.  }, Keywords = {Nursing process, Hospital nursing staff, Nursing faculty, Nursing students}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {137-142}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.2.137}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-975-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-975-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sobhani, Seyda and Niknami, Maryam and Mirhaghjou, Seyedeh Noshaz and AtrkarRoshan, Zahr}, title = {Domestic Violence and its Maternal and Fetal Consequences Among Pregnant Women}, abstract ={Introduction: Domestic violence is a global phenomenon which during pregnancy, not only affect mother’s health, but can also directly or indirectly have an abusive effect on fetus’s health. Objective: The objective of the present study is to determine the relationship between domestic violence during pregnancy with its consequences on pregnant women referring to public maternity hospitals of Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study of the descriptive analytical type, conducted on 402 pregnant women who referred to the state-owned maternity hospitals of Rasht City for childbirth in 2014. In this research, the study samples were collected through the convenient sampling method. Data collection tools were a questionnaire comprising of three parts; demographic information, WHO domestic violence during pregnancy questionnaire, and consequences in pregnancy, which were completed through interview with mothers. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed, through descriptive and inferential statistics conducted through the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Findings showed that 48.5% of pregnant women during their pregnancy had been subjected to domestic violence (the majority was emotional violence with 45.5% prevalence) by their spouses, and all aspects of violence have been reported with mild intensity. On determining the association between the experience of domestic violence during pregnancy and its effects on pregnancy, the Chi-square statistical test revealed statistically significant relationship between domestic violence and delivery method i.e., cesarean section (P=0.0001), vaginal bleeding (P=0.001), preterm labor (P=0.041), premature rupture of embryonic membranes (P=0.044) and low birth weight of neonates (˂2500 g) (P<0.0001). In the final model, of the main variables of the research, the emotional violence (OR=1.064, 95% CI=1.007-1.125, P=0.026) was the predictor of maternal and neonatal complications. Conclusion: Approximately, half of the women under the study were subject of domestic violence during their pregnancy, and considering its connection with the risk of maternal and neonatal complications, it is recommended that the proper interventions be planned to reduce domestic violence and its adverse consequences in pregnancy.  }, Keywords = {Domestic violence, Pregnant women, Pregnancy}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {143-149}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.2.143}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-976-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-976-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Asgari, Parvaneh and Bahramnezhad, Fatemeh and Narenji, Fereshteh and Askari, Masoumeh and Shiri, Mahmou}, title = {Comparison of the Effects of Licorice and Aerobic Exercise on the Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women}, abstract ={Introduction: Menopause is accompanied by many physical and psychological symptoms that can affect the Quality of Life (QoL) of women. Nowadays, behavioral approaches, such as exercise programs, and herbal therapies are recommended to control menopause complications.  Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of exercise and licorice on the QoL of postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Arak City, Iran, in 2014. Sixty postmenopausal women were selected as study participants using the convenience sampling method and were divided into two equal groups (exercise and licorice) using a random number table. The licorice group received three tablets of licorice daily at three times, i.e., in the morning, noon, and night before meals, for 4 weeks; the exercise group adopted a regular walking program comprising 30-45 min of walking three times a week for 1 month. The QoL of the participants before and 1 month after the intervention was evaluated using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using the independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, one-way analysis of variance, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The two groups were matched in term of demographic characteristics. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed no significant difference in the QoL between the two groups before and after the intervention. However, the mean and standard deviation of the QoL in both groups was higher after the intervention than the values before the intervention. Conclusion: Licorice and aerobic exercise are effective in controlling menopause complications and improving the QoL. Therefore, these interventions should be adopted to improve the QoL of postmenopausal women.}, Keywords = {Glycyrriza glabra, Exercise, Quality of life, Menopause}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {151-156}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.3.151}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-424-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-424-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bashirian, Samira and Esmaeilpour-Zanjani, Simi}, title = {Assessing the Health Literacy Level of Mothers of Under 5-year-old Children With Malnutrition}, abstract ={Introduction: Health literacy is defined as the ability to read, understand, and utilization of the basic health information to lead a better and healthy life. Low health literacy has a direct relationship with lower health and increased hospitalization. Objective: This study is aimed to investigate the health literacy level in mothers of children under the age of 5 years suffering from malnutrition in families and been supported by the health centers in Bojnourd City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and analytical study, using cluster sampling method, was performed on 448 mothers with malnourished children under 5 years of age. Malnutrition in children depends on three indicators of weight-for-age, weight-for-height and height-for-age to determine their underweight, wasting and stunting status. To measure the level of health literacy in mothers, the test for functional health literacy in adults was employed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. Results: Based on the study results, the prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting of children were 83.9%, 7.1% and 8.9%, respectively. The average health literacy score of mothers was 66.98% out of which 32.1% had an inadequate level of health literacy. Comparison of the mean of health literacy scores by Kruskal-Wallis test showed that mothers with occupation and education had different levels of health literacy while mothers who were employees with a university degree had significantly higher levels of health literacy (P=0.001). Conclusion: Increasing the health literacy in mothers may be an effective way to prevent malnutrition among children. Most of the mothers in this study had an adequate level of health literacy, and the percentage of mothers with inadequate and marginal health literacy was also in considerable number. Given the importance of the health literacy, it seems necessary to have more concern and attention in this regard. }, Keywords = {Health literacy, Malnutrition, Underweight}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {157-162}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.3.157}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {EbrahimiHoseinAbadi, Samaneh and Paryad, Ezzat and GhanbariKhanghah, Atefeh and Pasdaran, Ardalan and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehsan and SadeghiMeibodi, Ali Mohamm}, title = {Effects of Aromatherapy Using Lavender Oil on Hemodynamic Indices After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery}, abstract ={Introduction: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is one of the main treatment methods for coronary artery disease. The change in hemodynamic indices after CABG surgery is a common but serious complication. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of aromatherapy using lavender essential oil on the hemodynamic indices of patients after undergoing CABG surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included 98 patients who were assigned into an experimental or a placebo group 3 days after undergoing CABG surgery. The experimental group inhaled five drops of lavender essential oil, whereas the placebo group inhaled five drops of distilled water for 30 min. Before and after the intervention, hemodynamic indices (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate) of patients were measured and recorded. The intervention in both groups was performed every 24 h for three consecutive days. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, repeated measures ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results: The results revealed significant differences between the two groups in terms of the mean systolic blood pressure after the second day of intervention and the mean diastolic blood pressure after the first day of intervention (P=0.046 and 0.029, respectively), with the blood pressure significantly lower in the treatment group than in the placebo group. Conclusion: Among the hemodynamic indices tested, only the blood pressure of the patients was reduced by aromatherapy with lavender essential oil after CABG surgery; therefore, it can be used as a simple, complementary, and low-cost therapeutic intervention after CABG surgery to stabilize a patient’s blood pressure.}, Keywords = {Aromatherapy, Lavender, Coronary artery bypass graft, Blood flow}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {163-170}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.3.163}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-552-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-552-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Heidarzadeh, Mehdi and Chookalayi, Hoda and Jabrailzadeh, Sajjad and Hashemi, Morteza and Kiani, Mehrdad and Kohi, Farz}, title = {Determination of Psychometric Properties of Non-Verbal Pain Scale in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the major barriers to pain management is the lack of adequate scale for the assessment and diagnosis of pain in patients with no verbal response under mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. One of the few pain assessment scales in these patients is the Non-Verbal Pain Scale (NVPS).  Objective: This study aimed to determine psychometric properties of Non-Verbal Pain Scale (NVPS) in patients under mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. Materials and Methods: In this methodological study, 60 patients under mechanical ventilation and admission to trauma, internal, neurological and surgical intensive care units were considered. The pain was assessed using NVPS by two nurses at six different times (before, during and after painful and non-painful procedures). Also, 8-12 hours after the initial test, a retest was performed in 37 out of 60 patients (randomly selected). Results: The Cronbach's α coefficient for the whole scale was obtained as 0.80 while the correlation between the two raters at different times was 0.89-0.96, and the correlation between test and retest was 0.55-0.86. There was a significant difference in the pain score during painful and non-painful procedures (P=0.001) and a higher pain score in those who confirmed the presence of pain (P<0.001), indicating good discriminant and criterion validity of NVPS. Conclusion: NVPS has good psychometric properties and can be used as a valid and reliable scale for assessing pain in patients under mechanical ventilation.}, Keywords = {Pain measurement, Mechanical ventilators, Inpatients}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {171-178}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.3.171}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-563-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-563-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jafaryparvar, Zakiyeh and Adib, Masoomeh and GhanbariKhanghah, Atefeh and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Patients Suffering From Burns}, abstract ={Introduction: The advances in the field of burn treatment resulted in increased survival of burn patients, which led to increased attention to the issues associated with the quality of life. The assessment of the quality of life and the associated factors might help in identifying the needs of affected patients and designing suitable therapeutic and supportive programs. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the quality of life and the associated factors in patients suffering from burns hospitalized at the subspecialty burn and plastic surgery center in Rasht city. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional analytical study consisted of 60 burns patients collected through systematic random sampling. The instrument used included Burn-Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) along with a questionnaire for recording the demographic information as well as the complications and problems after the burn (itching, hypertrophic scar, colloid, hypopigmentation, and hyperpigmentation). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency estimation, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistical tests (Friedman and linear regression tests). Results: The mean post-burn quality-of-life total score was 76.9±20.74; the patients presented substantial problems regarding heat sensitivity of the burnt site (61.75%), and the extent of burns was a predictive factor of the quality of life [P=0.0001, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=-1.65 to -0.6, B=-1.133]. Conclusion: Despite the advances achieved in treating patients with burns, the subsequent problems and complications are yet challenging. Also, the low-degree burns can be considered as a factor affecting the quality of life of these patients.}, Keywords = {Burn, Quality of life, Complications}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {179-184}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.3.179}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-531-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-531-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rounaghi, Merrikh and Pakseresht, Sedigheh and Asiry, Shahla and AtrkarRoushan, Zahr}, title = {Relationship Between Aggression and Addiction Tendency Among University Students}, abstract ={Introduction: The bio psychosocial phenomenon of substance abuse in adolescents is one of the most critical issues in today’s society. One of the most important concerns regarding social and health policies is the increasing prevalence of addictive behavior, especially smoking in this age group. Objective: To assess the relationship between aggression and addiction tendency among students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 280 students of GUMS were randomly selected. Data collection tool had three parts: demographic characteristics survey, Ahvaz Aggression Questionnaire (AAQ), and addiction tendency inventory in Persian. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The mean±SD age of the students was 21.75±2.90 years [range 18-38 years]. About 14.3% of the students had addiction tendency, and 32.5% had high aggression levels. There was a significant statistical relationship between addiction tendency and aggression with age, sex, marital status, educational level, housing location, employment, education and occupation of parents, monthly income, and socializing with friends (P=0.0001, r=0.52). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated an association between aggression and addiction tendency in students. The counseling centers of universities can provide student training on how to control aggression in different situations, and thereby prevent them from abusing drugs.}, Keywords = {Students, Aggression, Substance-related disorder}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {185-191}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.3.185}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-601-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-601-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {TaheriOtaghsara, Sayede Tahere and KhaleghdoostMohammadi, Tahere and Hasavari, Faride and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {Comparing Coping Styles Between Patients With Cancer and Healthy People}, abstract ={Introduction: Cancer is one of the most important health problems of present times. Evidence suggests that stress and lack of proper coping styles can play a role in the onset and progression of cancer. Objective: This paper aims to compare the coping styles of cancer patients referring to a medical educational and healthy individuals in Rasht City. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 77 cancer patients and 77 healthy individuals in selected hospitals of the Guilan University of Medical Sciences during 2014-2015 with the convenience sampling method. Data was collected through questionnaires consisting of individual and clinical variables, and The Folkman and Lazarus coping strategies. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequency) and inferential statistics (the Chi-square, the Independent t test, Mann-Whitney, and regression analysis). Results: The subscales of seeking social support (P=0.047), accepting responsibility (P=0.004), rational problem solving (P=0.003), avoidance (P=0.012), and income level (P=0.023) were the factors associated with the coping style of cancer patients. In addition, cancer patients used the avoidance strategy more than others to deal with their problems (OR=4.3, P=0.019). Conclusion: Nurses can benefit from such studies to design educational, prevention and screening programs. We recommend that educational programs be developed and the patients be trained in using problem-focused styles in dealing with stress and life-threatening situations.}, Keywords = {Cancer patient, Coping style, Healthy person}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {192-197}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.3.192}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-632-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-632-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {VarvaniFarahani, Pouran and HekmatPou, Davoud and Alhani, Fatemeh and Ashori, Morteza and Azadnia, Mayam}, title = {Investigating the Effect of Family-Centered Empowerment Model on the Lifestyle of Children Suffering From Leukemia}, abstract ={Introduction: Treatment and complaints related to leukemia not only affects the lifestyle of children but also affects other members of the family and even the community. Objective: Determining the effect of the family-centered empowerment model on the lifestyle of children suffering from leukemia. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at Amirkabir Hospital of the city of Arak. All the qualified patients in the oncology ward were selected through the census method, and randomized into two groups - test and control. In the test group, the family-centered empowerment model with the four dimensions - perceived threat (severity and sensitivity), self-efficacy, educational participation, and evaluation was applied while in the control group, normal care, was implemented. The research tools were questionnaires of demographic information, lifestyle, and the four dimensions of empowerment. The questionnaire to evaluate the children’s lifestyle included five dimensions of nutrition, sleep, physical activity, physical health, and stress. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, paired t-test and independent t-test in the significance level (P<0.05) were used.  Results: Both the groups of test and control, were the same in terms of demographic information (P>0.05). Prior to intervention, there was no significant difference between the meanmean lifestyle level in the two groups (P=0.119). However, after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the meanmean lifestyle level (P≤0.001). Conclusion: Implementing the family-centered empowerment model for patients suffering from leukemia is feasible from a practical point of view and is accompanied by improvement or modification of their lifestyle.}, Keywords = {Patient empowerment, Family, Life style, Leukemia, Children}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {198-204}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.3.198}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-606-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-606-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {KhaniJeihooni, Ali and ForghaniFasaei, Iman and Kashfi, Seyed Mansoor and Khiyali, Zahra and Mobasheri, Farzaneh}, title = {Quality of Life in Patients With Osteoporosis People}, abstract ={Introduction: Osteoporosis and fractures resulting from it, along with increased pain, disability, decreased Quality of Life (QoL) and death, is an important health issue worldwide.  Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life in patients with osteoporosis referring to Fasa Bone Density Test Center, compared to the healthy people.  Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted on 300 subjects (150 subjects with osteoporosis and 150 subjects without osteoporosis) referring to Fasa Bone Densitometry Center. Qualeffo-41 (Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis) standard questionnaire, which its validity and reliability have been confirmed in Iran, was used to determine the quality of life and  scored based on a scale of 100. Higher scores in this instrument indicated lower quality of life. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Independent t test and P <0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results: The mean score of overall quality of life in patients with osteoporosis and the healthy ones were 23.96±2.34 and 11.78±4.84, respectively. Comparison of the scores of different domains of quality of life showed that patients with osteoporosis were different from healthy individuals in all domains (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the effect of osteoporosis in reducing the quality of life in patients, prevention and early treatment of this disease appear to improve the quality of life in the affected people.}, Keywords = {Osteoporosis, Quality of Life, Bone mineral density}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {205-210}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.4.205}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-628-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-628-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kashefi, Mansoureh and MohammadKhanKermanshahi, Sima and GholamiFesharaki, Mohamm}, title = {The Barriers to a Healthy Lifestyle in Employed Mothers of Toddlers}, abstract ={Introduction: Mothers form the core of the family unit. They also play an important role in the success and health of other family members. Hence, the health and development of any society is largely based on women’s health. The health of working women with toddlers, which can be affected by changes in lifestyle, is the need of the modern society. Therefore, identifying barriers to a healthy lifestyle is essential to promote women’s health.  Objective: This study aimed to determine the barriers to a healthy lifestyle related to the health of working mothers with toddlers from the mother’s perspective.  Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 60 working mothers with toddlers in Semnan City in 2015. For this purpose, all mothers with toddlers whose children attended kindergarten, were included in the study. After collecting and recording the mothers’ demographic data, the Lifestyle Standardized Questionnaire was administered to them to measure 10 aspects of physical health, sports and fitness, weight and nutrition management, disease prevention, psychological health, mental health, social health, avoiding drugs, prevention of disasters, and environmental health. Then, the researcher-made 34-item questionnaire of obstacles to lifestyle in three domains of physical health, psychological health, and social health was filled by the mothers. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test to determine the relationship between the variables. Results: About 70% of the mothers were 30 years or older. Regarding the physical aspect, there was a neglect of physical activity due to abundant work occupation (71.7%). Regarding the psychological health aspect, the working mother’s fear and concern about her child’s disease in kindergarten (61.7%) was paramount. In the social health aspect, the presence of work induced by familial life requirements (as a mother, wife) (65%) obtained the most scores as barriers to a healthy lifestyle. According to the Chi-square test, there was no meaningful relationship between the demographic variables and barriers to a healthy lifestyle (P=0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study could be a step towards identifying effective factors and then developing a strategy to promote a healthy lifestyle among working mothers with toddlers. }, Keywords = {Healthy lifestyle, Employee mothers, Obstacle, Toddler }, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {211-217}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.4.211}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-698-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-698-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Maleki, Maryam and MitraChehrzad, Minoo and RezaMasouleh, Shadman and KazemnezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {Social Skills in Preschool Children From Their Parents’ Points of View}, abstract ={Introduction: Social skills are acceptable behaviors that enable people to interact effectively with others and avoid socially unacceptable responses. These skills are fundamentally linked with all aspects of children’s lives and affect their compatibility. Objective: To determine the social skills of preschool children in Rasht City based on their parents’ points of views. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study. The sample included 546 6-year-old children in the preschool centers of Rasht, Iran, who were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. The study data were gathered using children’ and parents’ demographic questionnaire and the Social Skills Rating System-Parents (SSRS-P). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive (means and standard deviation) and inferential (Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test) statistics. Results: According to the mothers’ viewpoints, the majority of children had moderate social skills with respect to cooperation (72.1%), assertion (65.8%), self-control (67.4%), and overall social skill (67.6%). In addition, significant correlations were found between the overall social skill and father’s age (P=0.021), mother’s education (P=0.001), father’s education (P=0.005), mother’s job (P=0.023), father’s job (P=0.011), child’s gender (P=0.022), attending the kindergarten (P=0.011), and parents’ financial status (P=0.001). Conclusion: Considering that the parents rated the social skills of their children as moderate, we suggest that social skills training be provided for children in preschool centers, so that their social skills could be improved before they start going to school and prevent the negative outcomes of social skills deficiency.}, Keywords = {Social skills, Preschool children, Parents}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {218-223}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.4.218}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-653-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-653-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MohammadAliNejad, Parisa and Mousavi, Saghi and GhanbariKhaneghah, Atefe and AtrkarRoushan, Zahra and FeyzMangouhi, Ne}, title = {Compliance With Infection Control Guidelines in the Operating Rooms}, abstract ={Introduction: Compliance with the safety standards in the operating rooms, as one of the most complex work environments in the health care systems, is very important. One of the safety measures is the infection control standard.  Objective: This study aimed to investigate compliance with infection control standards in the operating rooms of teaching hospitals in Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This research was an analytical cross-sectional study. A researcher-made checklist was used to examine physical structure, equipment and facilities, and the personnel performance of 11 operating rooms in six teaching hospitals affiliated to the Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht City with respect to infection control standards. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher test. Results: The rate of compliance with infection control standards associated with the physical structure of the operating room was 72.7% and for equipment and facilities as well as personnel performance was 59.1%. There was no statistically significant relationship between compliance with infection control standards in the area of personnel performance, work shift, or the number of elective and emergency operations. Conclusion: The compliance of physical structure, equipment and facilities, and the personnel performance of the operating rooms with infection control standards were at moderate level. Thus, the operating rooms in our hospitals may need monitoring and examination.}, Keywords = {Infection control, Operating rooms, Safety, Standards}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {224-230}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.4.224}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-616-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-616-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahnavardi, Mona and AhmadiDolabi, Mahboubeh and Kiani, Mehrzad and PurHoseynGholi, Asma and Shayan, Arezoo}, title = {Comparing Husbands’ Addiction in Women With and Without Exposure to Domestic Violence}, abstract ={Introduction: Domestic violence is considered a serious threat to the health and rights of women throughout the world. Evidence indicates that addiction and the consumption of narcotics and alcohol is among important individual causes resulting in violence against women.  Objective: This research aimed to compare the impact of the addiction of the spouses on women who were subject of violence with women who were not subject of violence. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. The study samples included 110 women referring to health and treatment centers and the family courts of the city of Rasht, Iran selected by the convenience sampling method. Study tools included the World Health Organization questionnaire on domestic violence. The questionnaire’s reliability was assessed through intraclass reliability coefficient. Descriptive statistics indicators and Independent t test, Chi-square test, Mann Whitney test, and the repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants in the non-violated group and in the violated group were (32.69±7.65) and (33.94±6.92) years, respectively. The most rated violence was psychological violence with 44.13%, followed by the physical violence with 33.88% and the sexual violence with 30.9% in the group who have experienced domestic violence. The use of opium (P=0.03), and heroin (P=0.002) was significantly higher in the spouses of women who had experienced domestic violence compared to the spouses of women without experiencing domestic violence. However, no significant difference was seen between the two groups, with regard to smoking and the use of psychedelic drugs and consumption of alcohol.  Conclusion: Considering the high incidence of domestic violence against women who participated in this research and recognizing that addiction is a major risk factor in violence against women, psychological health policies should consider preventive plans and allocate resources to prevent violence against women and its terrible consequences.}, Keywords = {Domestic violence, Addiction, Alcoholic, Assaultive behavior}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {231-238}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.4.231}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-655-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-655-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nasiry, Davood and Tavakoli, Abdolazim and Saber-Moghadam, Mohse}, title = {The Relationship Between Sleep Quality and General Health in Patients With Heart Failure}, abstract ={Introduction: Sleeping is one of the most important human innate needs, and its disruption due to a variety of illnesses, can cause anxiety, distress, and adverse mental health conditions in the individual.  Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship of sleep quality with general health in patients with heart failure. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 150 patients with heart failure hospitalized in the cardiology department of one of the hospitals in Sari City, Iran in 2014. The data collection tools were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) inventory and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). For analyzing the collected data, the Independent t test, Pearson correlation and Chi-squared test were used. Results: About 26.2% of the patients had good quality of sleep, while 73.8% had poor quality. The patients’ mean score of general health was reported as 29.14±13.75. According to Chi-squared test results, except sleep duration and habitual sleep efficiency, other dimensions of sleep quality had significant relationship with general health. Based on the Independent t test results, age and marital status of the patients had a significant relationship with some dimensions of sleep quality (P<0.05). According to Pearson correlation test results, somatic symptoms and anxiety as two dimensions of general health, had significant association with ejection fraction of patients’ hearts (P=0.008, r=0.6). Also, there was significant relationship between depression and gender of the patients (P=0.003) based on the Independent t test. Conclusion: According to the results, sleep quality and general health in patients with heart failure are at low level and they are directly related to each other. Therefore, providing specific general health-care services can be useful for these patients and improve their sleep quality.}, Keywords = {Sleep, General health,Heart failure}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {239-245}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.4.239}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-642-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-642-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Amani, Massoomeh and Mirhaghjou, Seyedeh Noshaz and Niknami, Maryam and KazemNezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {The Status of Screening Tests for Women\'s Common Cancers in the Personnel of the Educational-Medical and Health Centers}, abstract ={Introduction: Among women’s cancers, breast and cervical cancers are most common with high mortality rate, but they can be rectified in the initial stages with cost-effective, easy and readily available screening programs. The task of informing the community and directing them towards the screening programs is one of the major responsibilities of the health team. Objective: Determining the screening test status for common female cancers and their associated factors among the personnel working in the health and educational centers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional and analytical study, 212 employees (physicians, gynecologists, nurses, midwives and family health unit personnel) from Al-Zahra Medical Center and the health centers of Rasht City (15 centers) were studied. A 4-part questionnaire was prepared and completed by the selected employees. For statistical analysis, descriptive characteristics and Independent t test were used. To determine the predictor-related factors for conducting Pap Smear test, mammography and breast self-examination, multiple analysis and logistic regression model were used. Results: The results showed that 76.80% of the subjects with regard to Pap Smear test, 50% with regard to mammography and 86.60% with regard to breast self-examination had a good performance. Age (B=-0.12, P=0.007), age of the first pregnancy (B=0.14, P=0.05) and early diagnosis of cancer by screening (B=1.21, P=0.04) were predictive factors for performing Pap Smear. Duration of the current contraceptive method (P=0.05, B=-0.07), presence of suspicious mass in the breast (B=2.095, P=0.004) and fear of cancer (B=-0.85, P=0.07) were predictive factors for performing mammography. While, fear of cancer (P=0.02, B=6.31) was the only predictor of breast self-examination. Conclusion: Considering that working personnel in health-care centers are models for the general public, promoting their health behaviors such as performing timely tests can be an effective approach to promote better health in the community.}, Keywords = {Cancer, Screening, Women}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {246-251}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.4.246}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-586-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-586-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sharafi, Simin and Chamanzari, Hamid and Pouresmail, Zohre and Rajabpour, Mohammad and Bazzi, Ali}, title = {The Effect of Case Method and Primary Nursing Method on the Social Dimension in Quality of Patient Care}, abstract ={Introduction: The quality of care in patient’s view lacks the optimal and desired level in hospital wards with respect to psychosocial dimension. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between the methods of the division labor of nurses and the quality of patient care.  Objective: This study aimed to compare the primary nursing method and case method on the psychosocial dimension of the quality of patient care in Coronary Care Units (CCU). Materials and Methods: This is a experimental study conducted on 60 patients in two groups at 4 CCUs of Educational Centers in Mashhad City, Iran in 2014. After performing these two methods, the quality of patient care with respect to psychosocial dimensions were assessed by the interview method using the quality of patient care questionnaire. Finally, the results were analyzed using the Independent t test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.4±13.7 years and the mean age of nurses was 37.4±4.4 years. The mean score of individual psychosocial dimension was 41.7±7.1 for the primary nursing method group and 27.6±8.9 for the case method group. Also the mean score of group psychosocial dimension for the quality of care in primary nursing method 17.3±5.7 and case method 12.3±7.6 groups using Independent t test showed a significant difference between the two groups, i.e. the quality of both individual and group psychosocial dimensions in the primary group were significantly higher (P=0.0001).  Conclusion: It seems that the implementation of primary nursing method can partly improve the quality of care in individual and group psychosocial dimensions.}, Keywords = {Nurse, Primary nursing method, Case method, Quality of patient care}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {252-258}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.29252/hnmj.28.4.252}, url = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-602-en.html}, eprint = {http://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-602-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery}, issn = {2588-3712}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} }